BACKGROUND The hypothesis that adrenaline can augment and/or prolong the antitussive effect of nebulised lignocaine was examined. METHODS The effect of inhaled lignocaine alone (20 mg) and in combination with adrenaline (400 micrograms) was studied on capsaicin-induced cough in 10 healthy subjects. RESULTS Cough was significantly reduced between five and 25 minutes by lignocaine. Adrenaline...

Mass balance principles were used to study the myocardial pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in conscious sheep. After i.v. bolus doses of lignocaine 50, 75 or 100 mg, arterial lignocaine concentrations reached a peak in approximately 16 s and these increased linearly with dose. Coronary sinus concentrations reached a peak between 83 and 129 s and the values showed poor relationships with dose. Net...

We have investigated the effects of bolus administration of lignocaine 1.5 mg kg-1 i.v. on respiratory responses to airway irritation induced by instillation of distilled water into the trachea in 10 patients anaesthetized with enflurane (1.5% end-tidal). Before administration of lignocaine, airway irritation elicited not only the cough reflex, but also other respiratory reflexes such as expira...

Lignocaine concentrations were measured in the aspirate from a low volume (100 ml) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in twenty patients who had received topical 4% lignocaine as required, and compared to those found in the aspirate from a 180 ml BAL in ten patients who had received 1.5% isotonic lignocaine. The median BAL supernatant lignocaine concentration was significantly lower at 0.14 mM (range...

Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured in three groups of anaesthetized patients following spraying of the trachea and larynx with a lignocaine 10% aerosol spray. Greater venous plasma concentrations occurred in patients who were paralysed with suxamethonium. A mean plasma concentration of 0.1 mug/ml of lignocaine resulted from each 10 mg of lignocaine used in spontaneously breathing...

1. Lignocaine readily passes from blood into cerebrospinal fluid. The isolated rabbit choroid plexus, a locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, accumulated [14C]lignocaine by two processess: an active, saturable transport process and a non-saturable process. 2. The accumulation of [14C]lignocaine by choroid plexus was not due to non-specific binding or metabolism of lignocaine within or...

We have compared the antinociceptive effect of extradural lignocaine on somatic and visceral nociception in pregnant (n = 11) and non-pregnant rats (n = 9). Colorectal distension (CD) threshold and tail flick (TF) latency were measured as visceral and somatic nociception, respectively, for 60 min after extradural injection. On days 19, 20 and 21 of pregnancy, rats received lignocaine 200, 400 o...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of warming lignocaine on the pain associated with subcutaneous injection. DESIGN Double blind, randomised, crossover study. SETTING Hospital clinic. SUBJECTS 40 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Subcutaneous injection with 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 20 degrees C and 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 37 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain assessed by linear a...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report the serum concentration of lignocaine after pertubation in patients with endometriosis. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING The study was carried out at a gynaecological outpatient unit in Stockholm, Sweden. POPULATION Eligible patients had endometriosis with a dysmenorrhoic pain score of >50 mm on a visual analogue scale, an...

We have studied relationships between the time-courses of lignocaine concentrations in arterial and coronary sinus blood and myocardial tissue, and negative inotropic effects on the myocardium, after i.v. bolus administration of 50-, 75- or 100-mg doses of lignocaine to conscious, chronically instrumented sheep. Peak arterial and coronary sinus blood lignocaine concentrations occurred 26-38 s b...