introduction: olanzapine (zyprexa) has become one of the most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic drug in iran, at least in part due to its low potential to cause extra-pyramidal side effects. case: a 54-year-old man, who was a known case of schizophrenia from 10 years ago and within the recent years, was under periodic medical treatment by antipsychotic drugs. conclusion: neurologists a...

introduction: dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) and irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) are the most common gastrointestinal diseases. their prevalence is 18-30%, 25-30% and 10-15% in western communities and 8-14%, 3-7% and 3-5% in eastern countries, respectively. there is no adequate data about their prevalence in our country. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ...

background: the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (tcf7l2) is an element of the wnt signaling pathway. there is lack of evidence if tcf7l2 has a functional role in lipid metabolism and regulation of the components constitutes the metabolic syndrome (metsyn).the aims of this study were to evaluate whether the risk allele of tcf7l2 gene polymorphism is associated with dyslipidemia and metsyn. ma...

discussion hydatid cyst in pericardium represents only 0.5-2% of cases of systemic echinoccocal infection. isolated pericardial cyst is very rare in endemic region and may present mimicking acute coronary syndrome. cardiac hydatid cysts should always be considered in presence of eosinophilia as present like acute coronary syndrome in endemic area. introduction hydatid cysts are most commonly fo...

Introduction: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) can involve multiple systems and cause stroke-like episodes and status epilepticus. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female with history of early fatigability, migraine-type headaches, and bilateral sensory-neural hearing loss presented 3 episodes of serial seizures. On admission she was affected by W...

Introduction Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to deletion of variable length of short arm of chromosome 5(5p). It mainly presents with typical cat like cry, facial dysmorphism, poor growth with feeding problems and severe cognitive, speech, and motor delays. Case Report We present here a one year old child who did not presented with typical features but presented with recurre...

introduction cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to deletion of variable length of short arm of chromosome 5(5p). it mainly presents with typical cat like cry, facial dysmorphism, poor growth with feeding problems and severe cognitive, speech, and motor delays. case report we present here a one year old child who did not presented with typical features but presented with recurre...

objective pfeiffer syndrome is as rare as apert syndrome in the western population. this condition is very rare in the asian population. at the best of our knowledge this is the first genetically proven case report from iran. the authors report with a review of literature, the case of a infant with pfeiffer syndrome, manifested by lacunar skull, ventriculomegaly, bicoronal craniosynostosis,fron...