For five consecutive eyes from five patients with liquefied aftercataract, Nd:YAG laser treatment significantly reduced high-order aberrations. Two eyes showing a reduction in positive spherical-like aberrations after treatment showed a postoperative myopic shift, while three eyes showing no change in spherical-like aberrations demonstrated hyperopic or only a slight myopic shift.

The central wavelengths of the resonance bands are critical aspect of the performance of long period gratings (LPGs) as sensors, particularly for devices designed to operate near the phase matching turning point (PMTP), where the sensitivity to measurements can vary rapidly. Generally, LPGs are characterized by their period, but the amplitude of the amplitude of the index modulation is also an ...

Liquefied Natural Gas contracts offer cancellation options that make their pricing difficult, especially if many gas storages need to be taken into account. We develop a valuation mechanism for such contracts from the buyer’s perspective, a large gas company whose main interest in these contracts is to provide a reliable supply of gas to its clients. The approach combines valuation with hedging...

We present two novel schemes for refractometry based on a long-period fiber grating- (LPG-) based Michelson interferometer. These schemes are designed to overcome the measurement dependence of previously demonstrated LPG-based refractometry on the immersion depth. The first utilizes an unshielded LPG and the second, a shielded one. Both schemes were tested over a certain refractive-index range,...

In the early 2000s US gas production was in slow but steady decline despite increasing drilling activity. As US natural gas prices rose in response to the resulting tight market, the only supply-side solution appeared to lie in the development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects in the Middle East and Africa for importation to the North American market. Almost unnoticed in its early stages,...

This paper assesses the design guidelines of different classification codes for the liquefied natural gas carriers considering the effect of liquid sloshing. With regard the increasing importance of LNG carriers in today’s marine transportation, and also considering that the marine accidents involve significant loss, classification societies by regulating national and international standards ai...

The German energy transition has been hailed as a role model for climate action. However, plans the construction of three large-scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import terminals are receiving strong state support. This is inconsistent with Germany’s targets, which require reduction rather than expansion natural gas consumption. In our paper, we aim to unpack connection between risk lock-in and...

Indonesia’s economic growth slowed modestly in 2001. That caused of response to the global economic slowdown, which reduced demand for the country’s export. Indonesia currently holds proven oil reserves of 5 billion barrels and has proven natural gas reserves of 92.5 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). Its is important to world energy markets and also holds a special position in international climate po...