in the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. this lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. in this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

Load models are developed for highway bridges. The models are based on the available statistical data on dead load, truck loads and dynamic loads. The paper deals mostly with the static live load. The model is derived from truck surveys, weigh-in-motion measurements and other observations. Simple span moments, shears and negative moments are calculated for various spans. Extreme 75 year loads a...

(the prime indicates differentiation with respect to x). P(x) and Q(x) (positive downward) are the live load per unit length and the dead load of the roadway, cable, and hangers per unit length. E and / (assumed constants) are the modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia of the roadway and H (constant) is the horizontal dead-load tension in the cable. The term h (constant), the induced live-...

Military vehicles are sometimes required to transit bridges owned and operated by civilian bridge authorities. Using available data regarding the gross vehicle weight associated axle loads of military traffic, live load factors, calibrated Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, proposed for design evaluation. This paper recommends factors three categories vehicles: (i) wheeled-transport vehicles;...