The development of a safe, well-tolerated, effective, and reversible male hormonal contraceptive would be a major clinical advance for couples planning their family size and for control of population growth. High-dosage parenteral testosterone (T) esters alone or in combination with a progestogen (eg, depot medroxyprogesterone) have been shown to confer effective and reversible male contracepti...

Intrauterine contraception is a widely used, highly effective method of birth control. Uterine perforation is a serious albeit rare complication with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD). Although uterine perforation by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has already been described, no plasma LNG concentrations in this setting were reported. Neither has the management ...

BACKGROUND The days just prior to ovulation are the most crucial for emergency contraception (EC) efficacy. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) and levonorgestrel's (LNG) capacity to inhibit follicular rupture have never been compared directly at this time of the cycle. STUDY DESIGN Raw data from three pharmacodynamics studies with similar methodology were pooled to allow direct comparison of UPA, LNG a...

Levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine systems (LNG-IUS) were originally developed as a method of contraception in the mid 1970s. The only LNG-IUS approved for general public use is the Mirena LNG-IUS, which releases 20 mcg of levonorgestrel per day directly in to the uterine cavity. However, new lower dose (10 and 14 mcg per day) and smaller sized LNG-IUS (MLS, FibroPlant-LNG) are currently und...

We recently encountered 5 patients with new-onset acne after the placement of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). The women ranged in age from 31 to 36 years and all developed inflammatory papules localized to the jawline and/or back 1 to 3 months after insertion of an LNG-IUS. None of the patients were aware that acne could be a side effect of the device. Therapy was init...

We examined the effects of sex steroids on cognitive functioning by exogenously manipulating circulating T levels in a group of healthy young men. Thirty-two men were randomized to receive 8 wk of treatment including: 1) im T enanthate 100 mg/wk plus daily oral placebo (T); 2) im placebo/wk plus 125 microg daily oral levonorgestrel (LNG); 3) im T enanthate 100 mg/wk plus 125 microg daily oral L...

In the present study, formal safety assessment (FSA) is introduced to investigate lockage safety of LNG-fueled ships. Risk sources during lockage of LNG-fueled ships in four typical scenarios, namely, navigation between two dams, lockage, anchorage, and fueling, are identified, and studied in combination with fundamental leakage probabilities of various components of LNG storage tanks, and simu...

In hypogonadal men, testosterone (T) in replacement dosages is known to increase fat-free mass (lean mass) and decrease fat mass. In young eugonadal men, similar dosages of T increase lean mass, but much higher dosages of T are required to decrease total body fat mass. Current T-based male hormonal contraceptive regimens include a second agent, such as a progestin, to maximize inhibition of pit...

The definition of hazard area, centered inside the LNG stations, is essential for risk assessment in LNG industry. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted for the two main LNG hazards, LNG flammable vapor dispersion and LNG pool fire radiation, to determine the hazard exclusion area. The spatial and temporal distribution of hazard in complex spill scena...

Faldaprevir is a potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor. Faldaprevir is known to inhibit P-glycoprotein, CYP3A4, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. This study evaluated the effect of steady-state 240 mg faldaprevir on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG) in healthy premenopausal women. In period 1, subje...