Beyond the mere collection of computers, a network is the home of competing and cooperating execution flows. In this paper we show how to design network protocols based on molecule-like entities such that the corresponding execution flows can by analyzed as if they were chemical processes. Our goal is to create robust protocol implementations which are resilient to unreliable execution. We intr...

We introduce a simple, discrete model of Feynman's ratchet and pawl, operating between two heat reservoirs. We solve exactly for the steady-state directed motion and heat flows produced, first in the absence and then in the presence of an external load. We show that the model can act both as a heat engine and as a refrigerator. We finally investigate the behavior of the system near equilibrium,...

This paper is concerned with the development of a generator model using analog circuits for load flow emulation. Using analog emulation for power system analysis allows for reduction in computation time compared to currently used numerical methods. The proposed generator model will include reconfigurable parameters using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The design is capable of r...

This paper aims to design an optimal distributed multi-agent controller for load frequency control and optimal power flow purposes. The controller parameters are optimized using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The designed optimal distributed controller is employed for load frequency control in the IEEE 30-bus test system with six generators. The controller of each generator is consider...

Customer class load profiles are widely used in distribution network analysis. They are used, for example, in distribution network load flow calculation, state estimation, planning calculation and tariff planning. Previously, load profiling required expensive and timeconsuming load research projects, but now automatic meter reading is providing huge amounts of information on electricity consump...

Depending on their grain sizes (settling velocities), sed iments are t ransported in rivers as bed load, in suspens ion , or as wash load. The coarsest material rolls or bounces along the bot tom as bed load whereas finer material is placed into suspens ion by the water turbulence. The finest sed iments are t ranspor ted as wash load. evenly distr ibuted through the water depth and effectively ...

How big should the conductors be? The required size (or gauge) of the conductors depends on three factors: (1) the load impedance; (2) the length of cable required; and (3) the amount of power loss that can be tolerated. Each of these involves relationships between voltage (volts), resistance (ohms), current (amperes) and power (watts). These relationships are defined with Ohm’s Law. The job of...

Load control has traditionally been viewed as a useful tool for peak load reduction in power systems. With the increasing renewable energy penetration in the grid, load control is also considered as a tool to exploit the storage in dispersed devices naturally present in power systems such as electric water heaters to mitigate generation variability. Tapping into the storage dispersed across the...