INTRODUCTION The following protocol illustrates the rules of successful long PCR: No more than 1 ng of template DNA is used per microliter of PCR in a 100-μl reaction; approximately 0.1 μl of KlentaqLA (not plain Taq) is used per kilobase of target (for targets >10 kb, 1-1.3 μl of enzyme should be used); the Mg++ concentration is considered as the excess over the level of dNTPs; a final concent...

background: expansion of gaa trinucleotide repeats is the molecular basis of friedreich’s ataxia (frda). precise detection of the gaa expansion repeat in frataxin gene has always been a challenge. different molecular methods have been suggested for detection of gaa expansion, including; short-pcr, long-pcr, triplet repeat primed-pcr (tp-pcr) and southern blotting. the aim of study was to evalua...

background and objective: high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr: mic ≥ 500 µg/ml) in enterococci is mediated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes which is mainly encoded by aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of   aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene in clinical isolates of enterococcus facium and enterococcus faecalis collected from hospitals in northwest of...