the process of adaptation to cold is an important mechanism in wheat cultivars to tolerate cold stress. this work was aimed to calrify the relationship between vernalization requirement with cold tolerance by assessing physiological changes in cold susceptible spring and tolerant winter wheat (triticum aestivum, cvs. kohdasht and cheyyene, respectively) in environmentally controlled conditions,...

Sustained periods of anoxia, driven by eutrophication, threaten coastal marine systems and can lead to mass mortalities even resilient animals such as bivalves. While mortality rates under anoxia are well-studied, the specific mechanism(s) less clear. We used a suite complementary techniques (LT50, histology, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, valvometry) show that proliferation anaerobic bacteria w...

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), woolly apple aphid (WAA) is an important pest on apples globally and a key of production in South Africa. The has developed some level resistance against several chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been identified as promising biological control agents wide array insect pests. main aim this study was to conduct survey lo...

Tetranychus macfarlanei is a potential threat to various economically important crops. Chemical control widely used this spider mite, but the exclusive reliance on chemical acaricides now being questioned, and entomopathogens are emerging as promising alternative. The efficacy of largely depends abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall etc. experiments were conducted determine effec...

The aim of this study was to observe the effect various vegetable insecticide extracts on controlling armyworm (Spodoptera litura) soybean plants in laboratory. research conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty Agriculture, University Medan Area, from November 2021 April 2022, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Non Factorial, consisting 7 treatment levels, namely: N0 = no (cont...

The German cockroach is an important household insect pest mechanically involved in transmission of a variety of diseases to humans. Different classes of insecticides have extensively been used for its control leading to insecticide resistance development. Hence, for an optimal control of this pest, the status and underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance should be studied in this group o...

The entomopathogenic fungal genus Lecanicillium Gams and Zare (formerly classified as the species Verticillium lecanii) includes that are highly pathogenic to many insect genera. In this study, we identified six Lecanicilliumspp. isolated strains (designated V1-V6) belonging L. lecanii (V1, V3 V5) attenuatum (V2, V4 V6). addition, these were used obtain new via protoplast fusion, nit mutants fo...