Shock waves exist throughout the Universe and are fundamental to understanding the nature of collisionless plasmas. Reformation is a process, driven by microphysics, which typically occurs at high Mach number supercritical shocks. While ongoing studies have investigated this process extensively both theoretically and via simulations, their observations remain few and far between. In this Letter...

The Mach number is one of the most important parameters collisionless shocks. accuracy its observational determination compromised by several complications. Incomplete measurements plasma significantly contribute to uncertainty, along with errors normal determination. A set CLUSTER observed shocks analyzed using methods for finding shock and circumvent shortcomings data. relation between maximu...

Abstract In the realm of compressible viscous flow modelling, we briefly revisit debate on a possible inconsistency Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Then, recall recent proposal from literature, put forward by M. Svärd. One its features is mass diffusive term in continuity equation. The presence density diffusion Svärd model reduces dispersive numerical errors when simple centred 2nd order, free, ...