Introduction. Male circumcision is a recommended practice in Muslim tradition. It is important to ensure that this procedure is performed as safely as possible in these communities. Methods. Five hundred adult men and women with at least one male child less than 18 years were interviewed in Karachi, Pakistan, regarding details of their child's circumcision. The survey focused on actual and perc...

Abstract Male-male social relationships in group-living mammals vary from fierce competition to the formation of opportunistic coalitions or development long-lasting bonds. We investigated male-male Guinea baboons ( Papio papio ), a species characterized by tolerance and affiliation. live multi-level society, with units one reproductively active “primary” male, 1–6 females, offspring at core le...

T HREE randomised clinical trials on the effects of male circumcision on HIV acquisition in men have been stopped by their data safety and management boards as the interim analyses showed a large protective effect, in the range of 50 to 60%. It is not only this large effect that makes male circumcision very appealing as an intervention for HIV prevention. Male circumcision is a one-time interve...

The gross anatomy of the accessory glands of the human male genital tract has been known for many centuries but even today there is only scant knowledge about the function of these organs. Reference to the text of Mann (1964) and to books edited by Greep and Astwood (1975) and Brandes (1974) provide a wealth of information about mammalian accessory gland function but serve only to emphasize how...

1st century A.D.: Celsius reported that swollen veins over the testis associated are with small testis. Mid-19th century: Inflammation of male and female reproductive organs was treated with ointments, douches and massages. 1881: Dr. Levy a German gynecologist performed a post coital test for an infertile couple and determined that the husband was sterile (no sperm on microscopic exam). Late 19...

Background The obesity pandemic has grown to concerning proportions in recent years, not only in the Western World, but in developing countries as well. The corresponding decrease in male fertility and fecundity may be explained in parallel to obesity. Obesity in men is associated with infertility in numerous studies. MaterialsAndMethods In this review article, electronic searches were undertak...

Background The immotile short tail sperm (ISTS) defect is one of the disorders that cause male infertility. Men with this condition have immotile short-tail sperm with structural defects in the fibrous sheath(FS). A Kinase Anchoring Protein 4 (AKAP4) is one of the most abundant proteins in the fibrous sheathof sperm flagella and provides scaffold for the correct assembly of FS.Since exon 6 of A...

Background: One of the most remarkable processes during spermatogenesis is the drastic change in gene expression. It has been recently proposed that small RNAs such as micorRNAs (miRNAs) contribute a great deal of function in regulation of the gene expression in sperm. Alterations in miRNAs function prove to be detrimental to proper spermatogenesis. As many patients suffer from idiopathic infer...

The aim of the study was to compare the growth performance and carcass quality of layer-type cockerels and broilers reared under identical conditions. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler male (BM), broiler female (BF) and brown layer male (LM) chicks were distributed into 9 floor pens in a completely randomized design, with 3 replicates of 20 birds per experimental unit. The body weights and fee...