Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included ...

histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. the elston and ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. the aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. the samples included ...

Objective(s): The present work intended to clearly define the most adequate humane endpoints in an experimental assay of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were observed twice a day; all parameters were registered once a week and the euthanasia endpoints were established in order to monitor the animal welfare/...

Objective- The aim of this study was to determine the normal ultrasonographic and morphologic appearance of mammary gland and teat in Caspian mares during lactation and dry period. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Seven mature Caspian mares Procedures- Using a 6.5-8.5 MHz linear transducer the ultrasonographic appearance of lactating and dry mammary glands was determined in 7 mature Casp...

bloody nipple discharge in infancy has rarely been reported in medical literature. we report a 7 month-old female infant with a one month history of bilateral nipple discharge. endocrinologic and hematological workups were within normal limits. breast ultrasonography showed two non-echogenic cystic areas in each breast. the problem resolved after a period of observation. this is a benign condit...

the present study investigated the effects of e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced mastitis model in rat on the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems. to achieve this purpose, e. coli lps were infused into the mammary gland of 12 rats 72 hr postpartum and compared with 12 rats in control group infused intramammary placebo sterile pyrogene – free, physiological saline. the antioxidant activ...

mammary sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms that arise from the mammary stroma. primary sarcomas of the breast are extremely rare and comprise less than 0.1% of all malignant tumors of the breast. we present the case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed as stromal sarcoma, not otherwise specified - a very rare entity.

objectives: in traditional medicine salvia officinalis (sage) has been used as menstrual cycle regulator. in the present study the effects of sage extract on breast tissue were examined. materials and methods: fourteen female rats were divided into two groups: 1) distilled water-treated rats (con) that were gavaged with 1ml distilled water and 2) saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract (she)-...

BACKGROUND:Canine mammary gland cancers are the most prevalent malignancies in dogs. There are different challenges regarding management of these cancers in dogs and human, one hypothesis is related to small cellular subset of tumor mass called cancer stem cell. These cells are therapy resistant and cause metastasis and relapse even after primary successful treatment. The well-identified phenot...

A fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. The tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. Histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. Immun...