background: when fetal red cells enter the maternal circulation from placenta, an event would be happened that is described as feto-maternal hemorrhage (fmh). this life-threatening condition could be detected by using rbc antigens (surface antigens and intracellular antigens). therefore, the measurement of fetal rbc in an artificial model would be useful to calculate fmh and consequently the do...

Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) can be associated with significant perinatal mortality. Our review of the literature did not identify any cases of FMH following placement of an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC). In our case, an IUPC was inserted in a patient undergoing induction of labor at term. Fetal bradycardia ensued shortly after placement, warranting an emergent cesarean delivery. Sever...

Introduction. Fetomaternal hemorrhage represents a transfer of fetal blood to the maternal circulation. Although many etiologies have been described, most causes of fetomaternal hemorrhage remain unidentified. The differentiation between acute and chronic fetomaternal hemorrhage may be accomplished antenatally and may influence perinatal management. Case. A 36-year-old gravida 6 para 3 presente...

This is the first case report of trisomy 13 complicated by massive fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). A pale male infant weighing 2,950 g was delivered with low Apgar scores by emergency cesarean section due to non-reassuring fetal status. The umbilical arterial pH and hemoglobin level were 6.815 and 6.9 g/dL (normal: 13 - 22 g/dL), respectively. The maternal hemoglobin-F and serum alpha-fetoprotei...

Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) refers to the entry of fetal blood into the maternal bloodstream before or during delivery. FMH of more than 30 mL occurs with the frequency of about 1/300. Fetal outcomes may be compromised by still births, hydrops fetalis, cardiac complications, and increased rates of postpartum infant death. In most cases, the cause is not identified. Clinical manifestations of ...

BACKGROUND The objective was to determine the incidence and volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in normal vaginal delivery and in delivery by cesarean section. Determination of these variables would enable optimalization of guidelines for D alloimmunization prophylaxis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective cohort study, a total of 3457 examinations were performed, 2413 after normal v...

External cephalic version (ECV) at term is a safe procedure and reduces the incidence of cesarean sections for breech presentation. One of the known complications, however, is an ECV-related disruption of the placental barrier and a subsequent transfusion of fetal blood into maternal circulation. While the incidence of ECV-related fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) has been determined recently in a ...

Background: When fetal red cells enter the maternal circulation from placenta, an event would be happened that is described as feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). This life-threatening condition could be detected by using RBC antigens (surface antigens and intracellular antigens). Therefore, the measurement of fetal RBC in an artificial model would be useful to calculate FMH and consequently the do...

BACKGROUND When fetal red cells enter the maternal circulation from placenta, an event would be happened that is described as feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). This life-threatening condition could be detected by using RBC antigens (surface antigens and intracellular antigens). Therefore, the measurement of fetal RBC in an artificial model would be useful to calculate FMH and consequently the dos...

Purpose: Feto-maternal haemorrhage (FMH) is a complication of pregnancy and large FMH may lead to life-threatening anaemia in the fetus or newborn. In addition, exposure of Rhesus (Rh) D negative women to small amounts of fetal Rh D positive red cells during pregnancy or delivery may result in sensitization with its attendant problems of isoimmunisation. In most cases, the cause of FMH IS unkno...