BACKGROUND National payers across Europe have been increasingly looking into innovative reimbursement approaches - called managed entry agreements (MEAs) - to balance the need to provide rapid access to potentially beneficial orphan medicinal products (OMPs) with the requirements to circumscribe uncertainty, obtain best value for money or to ensure affordability. This study aimed to identify, d...

Incrementally maintaining a qualitative understanding of physical system behavior based on observations is crucial to real-time process monitoring, diagnosis, and control. This paper describes the DATMI theory for dynamically maintaining a pinterp-spuce, a concise representation of the local and global interpretations consistent with observations over time. Each interpretation signifies an alte...

PURPOSE The purpose of our study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of various polymers used as microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in retinal prostheses through in vitro cytotoxicity testing following a standardized METHOD METHODS Three types of polymer-based MEAs were examined: silicone-based platinum, polyimide-based gold and liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based gold MEAs. The silicone/platinum...

Cultured neuronal networks monitored with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been used widely to evaluate pharmaceutical compounds for potential neurotoxic effects. A newer application of MEAs has been in the development of in vitro models of neurological disease. Here, we directly evaluated the utility of MEAs to recapitulate in vivo phenotypes of mature microRNA-128 (miR-128) deficiency, which...

A new design for microelectrode array (MEA) devices fabricated by semiconductor-processing techniques is presented. The microelectrode surfaces consist of gold and are surrounded by an insulating silicon nitride layer. Each chip of these so-called Multi MEAs contains regular arrays with circular-shaped electrodes of eight different sizes: 1, 3, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000μm. The Multi MEAs wer...

− We demonstrate the capacity growth of multipleelement antenna arrays (MEAs) in a realistic propagation environment using WiSE, an experimental ray tracing tool. WiSE is used to construct the channel response for MEAs operating at 1.9 GHz in two situations: (a) (16-16)-MEAs located inside an office building and (b) (4, 4)-MEAs located in an outdoor fixed wireless loop. We define effective degr...

Stretched health care budgets and the increasing availability of high-cost medicines, together with increasing patient expectations, means that manufacturers seeking reimbursement for their products need to demonstrate more than ever that their drugs can provide value-for-money. Due to this complex environment, formal agreements between payers and manufacturers have been developed with the aim ...

Many structural damage detection methods utilize piezoelectric sensors. While these sensors are efficient in supporting many structural health monitoring (SHM) methodologies, there are a few key disadvantages limiting their use. The disadvantages include the brittle nature of piezoceramics and their dependence of diagnostic results on the quality of the adhesive used in bonding the sensors. One...

BACKGROUND Managed entry agreements (MEAs) are a set of instruments to facilitate access to new medicines. This study surveyed the implementation of MEAs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) where limited comparative information is currently available. METHOD We conducted a survey on the implementation of MEAs in CEE between January and March 2017. RESULTS Sixteen countries participated in t...

We report the application of individually addressable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to study the heterogeneity of cell exocytosis at the subcellular level. Multiple subcellular-size electrodes are covered by a single PC12 cell for the investigation of subcellular exocytosis. PC12 cells have been seeded and cultured on top of three kinds of MEAs containing 16, 25, or 36 square microelectrodes (4 ...