The Boundary Conditions: Basalts from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and Vesta are strongly depleted in elements that prefer to reside in the metallic state (siderophile elements). Therefore, it is believed that all these bodies have metallic cores. We do not yet have siderophile element analyses of venusian basalts, but we assume that Venus, too, as a terrestrial planet, has a metallic core. For t...