Shaft sinking is one of the main parts in underground mine planning. Shaft has various applications in underground mines e.g. minerals exiting flow, gases entrance or exit way, stope developments for exploitation etc. Considering that this section requires an abundance of expenses, management always following the election is the way that both terms have the technical considerations, economic co...

A mine shaft is the lifeline to underground mines. Mine operators depend on safe, uninterrupted, and efficient movement of workers and materials. The shaft and hoisting system provides access to the network of openings used to recover the underground resource, provides vertical transport of miners and materials, and serves as an escapeway in case of an emergency. Accidents involving hoisting ca...

The Timed Interval Calculus, a timed-trace formalism based on set theory, is introduced. It is extended with an induction law and a unit for conca-tention, which facilitates the proof of properties over trace histories. The eeectiveness of the extended Timed Interval Calculus is demonstrated via a benchmark case study, the mine pump. Speciically, a safety property relating to the operation of a...

Drainage from metal-sulphide rich rocks may cause considerable environmental stress in the form of elevated sulphate and heavy metal contamination of the environment. Mine draining effects from closed mines may be abated using indigenous and introduced microbial communities for sulphate reduction and metal precipitation at the mining site. Here we characterized the general and sulphate reducing...

Article history: Received 18 March 2016 Received in revised form 19 August 2016 Accepted 22 August 2016 Available online 24 August 2016 The abandoned workings of the former Markham Colliery are still in the process of flooding. They are being exploited, via a ‘standing column’ heat pump arrangement in Markham No. 3 shaft, to produce thermal energy. From 2012, water was pumped from 235 m below g...

Introduction: India with hard coal production of about 254 MT from about 550 nationalised mines in 1994-95 is the third largest coal producing country in the world after China & USA. The country with 16.4 percent population of the world has measure 6.8 percent share of proved world coal resources. Coalfield over an area of 4.37 million hectares out of the total land surface of 328.8 million hec...