BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen of global public health importance. Transmission of WNV is determined by abiotic and biotic factors. The objective of this study was to examine environmental variables as predictors of WNV risk in Europe and neighboring countries, considering the anomalies of remotely sensed water and vegetation indices and of temperature at the loca...

The response of an ecosystem to external drivers may not always be gradual and reversible. Discontinuous and sometimes irreversible changes, called ‘regime shifts’ or ‘critical transitions’, can occur. The likelihood of such shifts is expected to increase for a variety of ecosystems, and it is difficult to predict how close an ecosystem is to a critical transition. Recent modelling studies iden...

Urban water bodies are critical for sustainable urban ecological and social development. However, the complex compositions of land cover small pose considerable challenges to surface delineation. Here, we propose a novel extraction algorithm (UWEA) that is efficient in distinguishing other low-reflective objects by combining modified normalized difference index (mNDWI) HSV transformation. The s...

The aims of this study were to determine surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects and analyze the land use/land cover (LULC) temperature (LST) changes for 11 time periods from years 2002 2020 using Landsat series images. Bursa, which is fourth largest metropolitan city in Turkey, was selected as area, multi-temporal images summer season used. Firstly, normalized difference vegetation index (NDV...

Information on the spatial distribution of aquaculture ponds, especially inland brackish aquaculture, is crucial for effective and sustainable management. Google Earth Engine (GEE) has been utilized to quickly map ponds in different parts world, but application still limited tropical regions. Selection an optimal water index essential accurately from Landsat 8 satellite images that are availabl...

Lakes are of great value to human beings and important for various reasons like regulating the flow river water, maintain eco-system storage water during dry seasons. Lake Haramaya, which is situated at 14 km Northwest Harer town (UNESCO Site) one famous beautiful lakes Ethiopia. It acts as a source life animals. The over exploitation lake haramaya supply agricultural purposes has led its extin...

Clarifying the spatial heterogeneity of urban heat island (UHI) effect is great significance for promoting sustainable development. A GeoDetector was used to detect influential natural and society factors. Natural factors (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-regulating (SAVI), normalized building (NDBI), modified water (MNDWI)) as well (road density (RDD), population (POPD)) wer...