This paper provides a detailed review of the clinical aspect and engineering view of how to measure, interpret, model, and control general anesthesia. The mechanisms of anesthesia in terms of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia in modern balanced anesthesia are reviewed. The assessment and interpretation of anesthesia according to clinical signs (i.e., lacrimation, sweating, papil...

Regional anesthesia for knee and hip arthroplasty may have favorable outcome effects compared with general anesthesia by effectively blocking afferent input, providing initial postoperative analgesia, reducing endocrine metabolic responses, and providing sympathetic blockade with reduced bleeding and less risk of thromboembolic complications but with undesirable effects on lower limb motor and ...

Regional anesthesia for knee and hip arthroplasty may have favorable outcome effects compared with general anesthesia by effectively blocking afferent input, providing initial postoperative analgesia, reducing endocrine metabolic responses, and providing sympathetic blockade with reduced bleeding and less risk of thromboembolic complications but with undesirable effects on lower limb motor and ...

The closed claims analysis by Caplan, et.al. in 1997 remains the most definitive description of gas delivery equipment morbidity. Although relatively few claims arise (1.2% since 1985), the rate of misuse is three times higher than pure equipment failure, and better monitoring could have prevented 78%. This point is emphasized by Caplan in the 2004 APSF workshop on use of audible alarms 2 , and...

106:1189 –94 35. Golparvar M, Naddafnia H, Saghaei M: Evaluating the relationship between arterial pressure changes and indices of pulse oximetric plethysmography. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:1686–90 36. Natalini G, Rosano A, Franceschetti ME, Facchetti P, Bernardini A: Variations in arterial blood pressure and photoplethysmography during mechanical ventilation. Anesth Analg 2006; 103:1182– 8 37. Sol...

Mechanical ventilation of pediatric patients in the operating room can be challenging. Even small changes in delivered volume can be a significant percentage of the desired volume and lead to unintended hyperor hypoventilation. Due to the unique physiology of children,the consequences of these unintended ventilation changes can be hypoxemia, hypercarbia and/or barotrauma. When using a tradition...

The availability of safe, effective analgesia during labor has become an expectation for women in most of the developed world over the past two or three decades. More than 60% of women in the United States now receive some kind of neuraxial procedure during labor. This article is a brief review of the advantages and techniques of neuraxial labor analgesia along with the recent advances and cont...