We investigate the T (3)-gauge theory of static dislocations in continuous solids. We use the most general linear constitutive relations bilinear in the elastic distortion tensor and dislocation density tensor for the force and pseudomoment stresses of an isotropic solid. The constitutive relations contain six material parameters. In this theory both the force and pseudomoment stresses are asym...

This paper first considers the approximation of peridynamics by strain-gradient models in the linear, one-dimensional setting. Strain-gradient expansions that approximate the peridynamic dispersion relation using Taylor series are compared to strain-gradient models that approximate the peridynamic elastic energy. The dynamic and energetic expansions differ from each other, and neither captures ...

To explain the size effect found in the testing of plastic behavior of metals on the micrometer scale, four theories of strain-gradient plasticity, representing generalizations of the deformation theory of plasticity, have been developed since 1993––the pioneering original theory of Fleck and Hutchinson in two subsequent versions, the mechanism-based strain-gradient (MSG) plasticity of Gao and ...

In the present study an alternative model allows the extension of the Debye-Hückel Theory (DHT) considering time dependence explicitly. From the Electro-Quasistatic approach (EQS) done in earlier studies time dependent potentials are suitable to describe several phenomena especially conducting media as well as the behaviour of charged particles in arbitrary solutions acting as electrolytes. Thi...

A meshless numerical implementation is reported of the 2-D Fleck-Hutchinson phenomenological strain-gradient theory, which fits within the framework of the Toupin-Mindlin theories and deals with firstorder strain gradients and the associated work-conjugate higher-order stresses. From a mathematical point of view, the two-dimensional Toupin-Mindlin strain gradient theory is a generalization of t...

We present an atomic scale theory of lattice distortions using strain-related variables and their constraint equations. Our approach connects constrained atomic length scale variations to continuum elasticity and describes elasticity at several length scales. We apply the approach to a two-dimensional square lattice with a monatomic basis and find the elastic deformations and hierarchical atomi...

In the present work, a modified model of heat conduction including higher order of time derivative is derived by extending Green and Naghdi theory without energy dissipation. We introduce two phase lag times to include the thermal displacement gradient and the heat flux in the heat conduction and depict microscopic responses more precisely. The constructed model is applied to s...

In depth cue-conflict conditions, various depth cues could represent different extents of depth. Previous studies have investigated the perceived size of negative afterimage in depth cue-correlated conditions in which different cues introduce almost the same amounts of depth to the visual system. This study examined the perceived size of the afterimage in the human observers in a condition that...

accurate calculation of reliability index is very important for the reliability analysis of structures. in some limit state functions with nonlinear characteristic and several local optimum design points, the computational reliability methods may not appropriately determine the failure probability, and iterative reliability approaches may be converged to local optimum design points. in this pap...