purpose : the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of misalignment (tilt & decentration) of iols in cataract surgery using liu-brennan optical eye model in a simulation. methods : a phantom with the real eye parameters –liu-brennan model– and tecnis z9000 iol were used for simulation. results : results showed that with 0.4 mm decentration and more the modulation transfer function (mt...

orexin, mainly produced by orexin-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (lh), plays an important role in pain modulation. moreover, it is shown that the nucleus accumbens (nac) is one of the important areas involved in this modulation. orexin-1 (ox1) and orexin-2 (ox2) receptors are densely distributed in the nac. the study investigated the involvement of ox1 receptors in the nac on an...

Introduction: It is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. Orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. Considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.We evaluated the involvement ...

Summary: Adenosine through adenosine receptor have a crucial role in biology of lung cancer. Recent study indicated adenosine receptors have a crucial role in various aspect of lung cancer from cell growth and metastasis to modulation of apoptosis and it could be considered as a potential candidate for treatment of the lung cancer.

Introduction: One of the main steps in the optimization process in diagnostic imaging is the quality control of radiology devices. The usual method of CT scan calibration is used of a phantom. The phantom created a certain weakening for the radiation through which it passes. One of the most suitable methods for quantitative analysis of the resolution and contrast in CT scan im...

Introduction: The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) is involved in the descending pain modulation. The neurostreoid, 17β-estradiol found in the PGi nucleus and modulates nociception by binding to estrogen receptors and also by allosteric interaction with NMDA receptors. In this study, the role of NMDA receptors in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation was investig...

introduction: voxel based morphometry is a type of statistical parametric mapping that can be used to investigate the effect of diseases such as epilepsy, alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease or other agent such as skills on brain structure (white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid). the aim of this study is evaluate the effectiveness of this method in detection of dif...