Economists have reached a consensus that an independent central bank could improve its policy efficiency by following a monetary policy rule. One of the important rules is McCallum rule where that requires central banks to target the growth rate of nominal GDP using the monetary base as its instrument. One of the features of the McCallum rule uses the monetary base rather than the interest rate...

Macroeconomic performance has improved in many countries in the world in the last fifteen years or so. Much of the literature has concentrated on how central bank independence, inflation targeting regimes, and currency :::union:::s have contributed to improving the effectiveness of monetary policy and hence macroeconomic performance. Since the financial system is a key component of the monetary...