rotavirus, a triple-layered non-enveloped member of the reoviridae family, obtained a transient membrane envelope when newly synthesized subviral particles bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (er). as rotavirus particles mature, they lose their transient membrane and obtain outer layer. it is mostly believed that only double layered particles bud into the er. the present study describes that the...

In this paper we present an application of the groupoid theory to study relevant case material evolution phenomena, process morphogenesis. Our is inspired by Walter Noll's theories continuous distributions and provides a unifying very simple framework these phenomena. We explicit equation, morphogenesis calculate associated phenomenon.

objective(s):skin extracellular matrix, which contains type i and type iii collagens, is involved in skin development. the aim of this study was to investigate type iii collagen distribution pattern as well as its changes during pre and post-natal skin morphogenesis in rats. materials and methods: ventral skins of wistar rat embryos at different stages from 10 to 20 gestational day (e10-e20) an...

the cement gland (cg) is a transient organ, found in most anuran embryos and early larvae and located normally on the front of the head. its sticky secretion allows newly hatched larvae to attach to the egg jelly or to another support later and remain hidden and stationary until feeding starts. our ultrastructural studies showed that prominence structure of the cg in some species exists, but is...

ABSTRACT The second EMBO-EMBL Symposium ‘Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture’ was held virtually in March 2021, with participants from all over the world joining comfort of their sofas discuss synthetic morphogenesis at large. Leading scientists a range disciplines, including developmental biology, physics, chemistry and computer science, covered gamut topics prin...

A common developmental process, called branching morphogenesis, generates the epithelial trees in a variety of organs, including lungs, kidneys, and glands. How morphogenesis can create architectures very different shapes functions remains elusive. In this review, we compare its regulation lungs kidneys discuss role signaling pathways, mesenchyme, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton as potential...

The paper analyzes the role of HOX genes in processes embryonic development vertebrates. Based on analysis, it is concluded that are most important regulators development. predominantly realize their influence through specific proteins have ability to regulate expression target genes.
 order genes, as a rule, obeys rule temporal and spatial colinearity. This mechanism determines course tis...

Abstract Morphogenesis of the silica based cell walls diatoms, a large group microalgae, is paradigm for self-assembly complex 3D nano- and microscale patterned inorganic materials. In recent years, loss-of-function studies using genetic manipulation were successfully applied identification genes that guide morphogenesis in diatoms. These revealed loss one gene can affect multiple morphological...