It is well established that an effective way to schedule knowledge of results (KR) during practice to facilitate motor learning is to allow the learner to control their KR delivery, termed self-controlled KR, rather than imposing the same schedule on the learner without choice, termed yoked KR. The learning advantages of self-controlled KR schedules have been attributed to motivational influenc...

BACKGROUND Large discrepancies between people's intention to eat a healthy diet and actual dietary behavior indicate that motivation is not a sufficient instigator for healthy behavior. Research efforts to decrease this 'intention - behavior gap' have centered on aspects of self-regulation, most importantly self-regulatory planning. Most studies on the impact of self-regulatory planning in heal...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of cognitive and metacognitive listening strategies on the listening-related self-efficacy beliefs of EFL students. A total of 146 first-year students, studying at ELT Department of a state university’s educational faculty, took part in the study. The sample of this study is composed of the whole population. Motivational Strategies for Learning...

Individuals’ motivational self-regulatory system is challenged as they cross the transition from school to work. Using data from a longitudinal study of participants approaching and crossing university graduation (n 1⁄4 140), we examine the ways in which individuals’ motivational strategies reflect and direct their career-related opportunity field. Our findings indicate that participants’ belie...

The present study examined the effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on handball performance using a novel task (nondominant arm) and a learned task (dominant arm) in primary school students. Participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (instructional and motivational) and one control group. The results revealed that for both tasks instructional and motivationa...

The importance of autonomous motivation in improving self-regulation has been a focal topic of motivation research for almost 3 decades. Despite this extensive research, however, there has not yet been a mechanistic account of how autonomous motivation works to boost self-regulatory functioning. To address this issue, we examined the role of autonomy in 2 basic self-regulation tasks while recor...

According to the three-tier hierarchy of motivational potency in the self system, the self can be divided into individual self, relational self, and collective self, and individual self is at the top of the motivational hierarchy in Western culture. However, the motivational primacy of the individual self is challenged in Chinese culture, which raises the question about whether the three-tier h...