a survey of mottled enamel in a military educational center in karaj area of metropolitan tehran was conducted from august to september 1978, on a population of 1789 student, aged 18-23 gathered from 32 areas of iran. dean clinical standards used for diagnosing dental fluorsis and orion lonalyzer fluoride electrode was used to determine the fluoride content of communal waters of endemic areas. ...

Raghavachari and Venkataraman (1940) King Institute, Guindy, reported the occurrence of fluorides in waters from the Visakhapatnam District. Further particulars sought from the King Institute indicated: "In connection with the investigation of rural water supplies, a large number of samples from bore wells and dug wells in the Visakhapatnam District were analysed; 11 sources yielded water conta...

Hypomineralized enamel defects frequently are manifest as a mottled-white appearance and can be associated with variable degrees of discrete yellow-brown intrinsic staining. Numerous treatment approaches have been proposed, ranging from bleaching to enamel reduction to restorative techniques. Bleaching of hypomineralized enamel lesions, using 1 to 2 applications (10 to 15 minutes each) of 5% so...

A EARLY as 1901, the condition now called dental fluorosis or mottled enamel was described in a letter written by J. M. Eager, a medical officer stationed in Naples, Italy, who reported its presence among Italian emigrants.' The term "mottled enamel" was first used by Dr. G. V. Black in a series of articles published jointly with Dr. Frederick S. McKay2'3 in which the lesions were described in ...

A comparative study of the conditions that place and those in the adjoining are^ would show that the sectional incidence mottled enamel can be correlated with ^ occurrence of fluorides in the drinking wa , supplies. Thus, the analysis of the drinkjj1^ water supply of the afflicted persons shows ^ presence of 0.4 to 0.5 parts (per 100,000) fluorine, whereas the water supplies for the otn section...

Although it has been known since 1917 that mottled dental enamel (later recognized as dental fluorosis—DF) is identical with that observed in thyroid dysfunction, disturbances of thyroid hormone metabolism during crucial periods of tooth development as the primary cause of DF have received very little consideration by dental researchers. New findings indicate that thyroid hormone metabolism is ...

Although it has been known since 1917 that mottled dental enamel (later recognized as dental fluorosis—DF) is identical with that observed in thyroid dysfunction, disturbances of thyroid hormone metabolism during crucial periods of tooth development as the primary cause of DF have received very little consideration by dental researchers. New findings indicate that thyroid hormone metabolism is ...