Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and an appetizer. Kisspeptin is a stimulator of GnRH and a regulator of energy metabolism. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effect of long term malnutrition on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and Ki...

Background: Comparison of the effect of lactation on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus in lactating and nonlactating rat Materials and Methods: Fourteen rats of the Sprague- Dawley strain were randomly allotted into three groups. The non-lactating rats (n=5) were separated from their pups immediately upon...

Introduction: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to play an important role in the myocardial damage induced by ischemia – reperfusion. One element believed to be activated by ROS and to contribute to the reduction of ROS production, is the uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of myocardial ischemia reperfusion on cardiac UC...

Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) and kisspeptin are believed to be inhibitor and stimulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of lactation on the expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus...

background: although aberrant protamine (prm) ratios have been observed in infertile men, the mechanisms that implicit the uncoupling of prm1 and prm2 expression remain unclear. to uncover these mechanisms, in this observational study we have compared the prm1/prm2 mrna ratio and mrna contents of two regulatory factors of these genes. materials and methods: in this experimental study, sampling ...

The effects of chronic stress and glucocorticoids receptor antagonist (RU486) on expression of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of male rats were evaluated. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into four groups (n=6/group) stress, RU486, stress/RU486, and control groups. In stress group, the rats were restrained, 1 h/day, for 12 days. In RU486 gr...

background: neutrophils have an important role in the rapid innate immune response, and the release or active secretion of elastase from neutrophils is linked to various inflammatory responses. purpose of this study was to determine how the human neutrophil elastase affects the interleukin-10 (il-10) response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). materials and methods: in this prospecti...

Objective(s): Prostaglandins have been shown to mediate the gastro-protective effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) but effect of NaHS on mRNA expression of prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, 3-4; EPs) has not been investigated. Therefore, this study designed to evaluate the effect of NaHS on mRNA expression of EPs receptors in response to mucosal acidification and distention-induced gastric acid ...

Introduction: In stroke models, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression initiates cellular toxicity due to excessive Nitric Oxide (NO) generation. Anchusa italica is a medicinal herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and NOS mRNA expression of the Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Anchusa Italica (HEAI) in an expe...

Background: Maternal mRNA degradation is a selective process that occurs in waves corresponding to important developmental transitions such as resumption of meiosis, fertilization and zygotic genome activation. It has been demonstrated that the number, position, and combination of 3 UTR cis-acting elements interacting with trans-acting protein factors regulate translation and mRNA stability. Ou...