Background and Objective: Integrons play an essential role in disseminating drug resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of integrons, and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) referred to teaching hospitals in Ardabil, Iran. Materials and Method...

Executive summary South Africa is one of the 22 highest tuberculosis (TB) burdened countries globally and the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed multi drug resistant TB (MDR–TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) has long been recognized in South Africa. A drug resistance survey (2012-2014) to quantify and delineate the extent of drug resistance in new and retreatment TB patients nation...

Drug-resistant tuberculosis can be transmitted (primary) or develop during the course of treatment (secondary). We investigated risk factors for each type of resistance. We compared all patients in England and Wales with isoniazid- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in two time-periods (1993-1994 and 1998-2000) with patients with fully sensitive tuberculosis, examining separately patients wit...

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a threat to health and development in countries with high TB burden. China's MDR-TB prevalence rate of 6.8% is the highest in the world. Interventions to remove barriers against effective TB control, and prevention of MDR-TB are urgently needed in the country. This paper reports a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 513 pulmonary TB (PTB...

OBJECTIVES Empiric antibiotic treatment should be based on recent surveillance data. Therefore, we conducted a surveillance of (multidrug) resistance of Escherichia coli and antibiotic use among Dutch nursing home (NH) residents. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used to describe the spread of multidrug-resistant strains. DESIGN Observational study. SETTIN...

SETTING Eighteen treatment units for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mongolia. OBJECTIVE To determine the total number of MDR-TB cases detected, their resistance patterns, the proportion and characteristics of cases starting treatment, the delay between diagnosis and treatment initiation, and the relation between treatment outcomes and drug resistance. DESIGN Retrospective coho...

OBJECTIVE To present a global update of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and explore trends in 1994-2010. METHODS Data on drug resistance among new and previously treated TB patients, as reported by countries to the World Health Organization, were analysed. Such data are collected through surveys of a representative sample of TB patients or surveillance systems based on routine drug susceptib...

The quantity of seafood imported and produced by domestic aquaculture farming has increased. Recently, it been reported that multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with seafood. However, information is limited to the antimicrobial resistance, virulence properties, genetic diversity S. recovered from This study investigated isolated catfish, shrimp, tilapia. A total 1...