We report on nonresonant strong field ionization of the multielectron transition metal atoms V, Nb, Ta, Ni, and Pd. Operating in the adiabatic regime (lambda = 1.5 microm), we quantitatively determined both (i) the first charge state saturation intensities and (ii) the absolute ionization rates for intensities ranging from threshold up to 3 x 10(14) W/cm2. We observed a dramatic suppression of ...

Abstract We present an approach to assess the survival of single-atom effects in macroscopic high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum, by accounting for focal volume averaging. apply this technique R-matrix with time-dependence (RMT) studies, which are designed include full multielectron response atom. Such allows assessment features experimentally-measured HHG spectrum diffuse gases may be trac...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical notes 3. The atomic models 4. The first quantum atomic model 5. The standard Schrödinger quantum hydrogen atom 5.1. The azimuthal solution and the magnetic quantum number 5.2. The polar solution and the orbital quantum number 5.3. Polar and azimuthal solutions set together 5.4. The radial solution and the principal quantum number 5.5. Final formulas for th...

Multielectron spin qubits are demonstrated, and performance examined by comparing coherent exchange oscillations in coupled single-electron and multielectron quantum dots, measured in the same device. Fast (>1  GHz) exchange oscillations with a quality factor Q∼15 are found for the multielectron case, compared to Q∼2 for the single-electron case, the latter consistent with experiments in the li...

An improved quantum trajectory Monte Carlo method including the Stark shift of initial state, Coulomb potential, and multielectron polarization-induced dipole potential is adopted to revisit origin low-energy interference structure in photoelectron momentum distribution xenon atom subjected an intense laser field, resolve different contributions these three effects. We found that plays essentia...

Vectorial charge transfer and a molecular recognition at the interface between two dielectric media are important stages in many bioelectrochemical processes such as those mediated by energy-transducing membranes [1–4]. Many biochemical redox reactions take place at aqueous medium/membrane interfaces and some of them are multielectron processes. About 90% of the oxygen consumed on Earth is redu...

The use of heavy ions beams with mass of order 100 atomic mass units and energy of order 10 MeV per nucleon has been proposed as a driver for heavy ion fusion. Multi-electron-loss collisions of the beam ions with the background gas atoms result in an increase in the ion charge, which is an unwanted effect for beam propagation through the accelerator and transport regions, and the target chamber...