BACKGROUND Neurogenic claudication (NC) is a common symptom in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score (NCOS) is a very short instrument for measuring functional status in these patients. This study aimed to translate and validate the NCOS in Iran. METHODS This was a prospective clinical validation study. The 'forward-backward' procedure was appli...

We study the non-critical space-time non-commutative open string (NCOS) theory using a dual supergravity description in terms of a certain near-horizon limit of the F1-Dp bound state. We find the thermodynamics of NCOS theory from supergravity. The thermodynamics is equivalent to Yang-Mills theory on a commutative space-time. We argue that this fact does not have to be in contradiction with the...

The Hagedorn transition in non-commutative open string theory (NCOS) is relatively simple because gravity decouples. For NCOS theories in no more than five spacetime dimensions, the Hagedorn transition is second order, and the high temperature phase involves long, nearly straight fundamental strings separating from the D-brane on which the NCOS theory is defined. Above five spacetime dimensions...

We present a comprehensive study of the properties of nearly coherent brightness oscillations (NCOs) in a large sample of type-I X-ray bursts observed from low mass X-ray binary 4U 1728–34. We have analyzed ∼545 ks of data of this source obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer over a 3 year span from 1996–1999. The data contain 38 bursts, 16 of which show NCOs. We find no NCOs present whe...

In this paper we study the interplay of electric and magnetic backgrounds in determining the decoupling limit of coincident D-branes towards a noncommutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) or open string (NCOS) theory. No decoupling limit has been found for NCYM with space-time noncommutativity. It is suggested that there is a new duality, which we call V-duality, which acts on NCOS with both space-space an...

A V-duality conjecture for noncommutative open string theories (NCOS) that result from decoupling D-branes in Lorentz-boost related backgrounds was put forward recently in hepth/0006013. The aim of this paper is to test the Galilean nature of this conjecture in the gravity dual setup. We start with an (F, D3) bound state Lorentz-boosted along one D3-brane direction perpendicular to the F-string...

Open string theories can be decoupled from closed strings and gravity by scaling to the critical electric field. We propose dual descriptions for the strong coupling limit of these NCOS (Non-Commutative Open String) theories in six or fewer spacetime dimensions. In particular, we conjecture that the five-dimensionsal NCOS theory at strong coupling, is a theory of light Open Membranes (OM=:), de...

The recently found non-critical open string theories is reviewed. These open strings, noncommutative open string theories (NCOS), arise as consistent quantum theories describing the low energy theory of D-branes in a background electric B-field in the critical limit. Focusing on the D3-brane case, we construct the most general (3+1) NCOS, which is described by four parameters. We study S and T ...

We study noncommutative open string (NCOS) theories realized in string theory with time-dependent backgrounds. Starting from a noncommutative YangMills theory (NCYM) with a constant space-space noncommutativity but in a time-dependent background and making an S-dual transformation, we show that the resulting theory is an NCOS also in a time-dependent background but now with a time-dependent tim...