introduction: lasers, light emitting diodes (leds) and super luminous diodes (slds) are widely used to treat selected musculoskeletal, integumentary and neurological conditions. the mechanisms underlying the reported treatment effects of light therapy are unclear and the physiologic effect of light on a variety of tissues, particularly neurological, is mostly unknown. a few researchers have rep...

Background and objectivesEpilepsy is a neural disorder that occurs because of disruption in conductions various parts the brain mainly characterized by seizures, pensive gaze, involuntary mimics, contractions, meaningless speeches, repetitive movements, loss consciousness. The serious side effects conventional drug delivery systems due to high applied doses, low transition rates brain, limitati...

BACKGROUND Low contact force and force-time integral (FTI) during catheter ablation are associated with ineffective lesion formation, whereas excessively high contact force and FTI may increase the risk of complications. We sought to evaluate the optimal FTI for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation based on atrial wall thickness under the ablation line. METHODS AND RESULTS Contact force parameters a...

The mechanism of ion conduction by potassium channels is one of the central issues in physiology. In particular, it is still unclear how the ion concentration and the membrane voltage drive ion conduction. We have investigated the dynamics of the ion conduction processes in the Kv1.2 pore domain, by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with several different voltages and ion concentrations. By f...

Most existing phenomenological heat conduction models are expressed by temperature and heat flux distributions, whose definitions might be debatable in heat conductions with strong non-equilibrium. The constitutive relations of Fourier and hyperbolic heat conductions are here rewritten by the entropy and entropy flux distributions in the frameworks of classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT)...

1 Functional Mathematical Model of Dual Pathway AV nodal Conductions 1 2 Authors: 3 AM Climent, MS Guillem, Y Zhang, J Millet, TN Mazgalev, 4 5 Affiliations: 6 7 1.Bio-ITACA. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain 8 2. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA 9 10 11 12 13 14 Running head: 15 Functional Model of Dual Pathway AV nodal Conductions 16 17 18 19 20 Corresponding author: 21...

Abstract A successful strategy for improving the safety issues of new‐generation lithium‐ion batteries is to replace liquid electrolytes with solid or quasi‐solid membranes, a procedure that ensures adequate ionic conductions and are mechanical strengths.

A continuously variable transmission (CVT) consisting of slider-cranks, solid cams and non-invertible mechanisms is discussed in this paper. The conventional CVTs are mainly classified as belt-types or toroidal types conduction mechanisms. Basically, these composed frictional components. However, the proposed CVT paper does not have any special friction conductions. Friction force which being o...