to compare intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes between bonfils intubation fiberscope and macintosh laryngoscopy without administering neuromuscular blocking drugs (nmbds). methods: in this randomized controlled trial,80 male and female patients, scheduled for elective surgery, aged 15 to 60 years, asa class ii or i, non-obese, non smokers, without anticipated difficult intubation; wer...

• Neuromuscular blocking agents are used to improve conditions for tracheal intubation, to provide immobility during surgery, and to facilitate mechanical ventilation. • The main site of action of neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) is on the nicotinic cholinergic receptor at the endplate of muscle. They also have effects at presynaptic receptors located on the nerve terminal. • Su...