introduction: since organophosphorus compounds (op) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (ache), however it has become increasingly evident that ops have also other direct effects on cellular processes. in the present study, the effects of low concen...

it is an intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in an applied format. this technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. it has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. anodal stimu...

seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ros generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have been proposed to have a crucial role. we aim to determine the sources of seizure-induced ros and ...

Seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. Although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ROS generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have been proposed to have a crucial role. We aim to determine the sources of seizure-induced ROS and ...

Introduction: Donepezil (DON), an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (AChEI), is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on pyramidal neuron response in CA1 region of a rat model of AD. Methods: In the current experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Nucleus Basal...

introduction: activity of the paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla is the mediator of dependence, tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. the most important systems which change their activity during morphine consumption include glutaminergic, opioidergicand purinergic (especially adenosine) receptors in the pgi nucleus. however, it has been shown that the...