BACKGROUND Vehicle exhaust is a major source of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in the urban atmosphere. Newsagents usually work close to heavy traffic flow. The purpose of this study was to assess the breathing zone exposure of newsagents to PAHs found in the urban atmosphere of Tehran City during summer and autumn seasons and comparing the levels of exposure in both ...

vehicle exhaust is a major source of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) found in the urban atmosphere. newsagents usually work close to heavy traffic flow. the purpose of this study was to assess the breathing zone exposure of newsagents to pahs found in the urban atmosphere of tehran city during summer and autumn seasons and comparing the levels of exposure in both seasons.fif...

BACKGROUND Very few studies have evaluated the adverse effect of passive smoking exposure among active smokers, probably due to the unproven assumption that the dose of toxic compounds that a smoker inhales by passive smoke is negligible compared to the dose inhaled by active smoke. METHODS In a controlled situation of indoor active smoking, we compared daily benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) dose, estima...

ON SE P T E M B E R 1, 1920, Sir Basil Thomson, commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, received a note warning him of a grave threat to the morals of the British nation. The letter was from R. A. Bennett, editor of the weekly newspaper Truth and a prominent campaigner against white slavery.1 Bennett enclosed a small pamphlet, available from newsagents in plain cover for the price of eight pen...

BACKGROUND Adolescent smoking is a significant public health concern in the UK and across Europe. This study examines smoking behaviours, methods of accessing cigarettes and use of non-commercial (fake, foreign and single) cigarettes across a sample of schoolchildren. Relationships with alcohol consumption, deprivation, personal income and extra-curricular activities are also explored. METHOD...

and interdependencies among printers, publishers, and booksellers and their consumers is accomplished. Several of the papers take an industrylevel view. Canadian scholar Stephen W. Brown (coeditor of volume two of the Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland) contributes a detailed case study of how the Edinburgh papers variously reported and exploited an incest/murder trial in 1765. Through a...

BACKGROUND Research has recently adopted the use of social-ecological models in the study of physical activity. Few studies, however, have addressed the influence of the environment on activity using Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived measures of environmental attributes and self-report ratings of other environmental attributes. Even fewer have examined walking behaviors. METHODS Sel...

OBJECTIVES Point of sale (POS) displays are one of the most important forms of tobacco marketing still permitted in many countries. Reliable methods for measuring exposure to such displays are needed in order to assess their potential impact, particularly on smoking attitudes and uptake among young people. In this study we use a novel method for evaluating POS exposure based on young people's u...