Recent studies have shown that the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry is responsible for about 2% of the global emission of CO2 and this percentage is expected to increase as the internet expands in bandwidth and reach. In this paper we propose a hybrid-power IP over WDM network where renewable energy is used to reduce the CO2 emission of IP overWDM networks. ALinear Progra...

Nowadays energy is one of the most essential needs of human being and it can be considered as the basic prerequisite of social and economic development.  Hence, many of the correlations and legislations of a country are affected by it. Since Iran has huge source of gas and oil, it has turned to a fossil fuel oriented county. But as oil and gas sources are non-renewable ones and cannot be replac...

This paper studies the effects of the diversification of energy portfolios on the merit order effect in an oligopolistic energy market. The merit order effect describes the negative impact of renewable energy, typically supplied at the low marginal cost, to the electricity market. We show when thermal generators have a diverse energy portfolio, meaning that they also control some or all of the ...

Introduction Improvement of the energy industry in developing countries is the major basis of the process of techno-economic and socio-cultural development. This improvement requires the transfer of energy technology which is dominated by non-renewable energy systems. Natural resources which are mostly non-renewable, on the other hand, face various threats caused by such a process of developmen...

The probably biggest challenge for climate change mitigation is to find a secure low-carbon energy supply, which especially is difficult as the supply of renewable sources underlies strong volatility and storage possibilities are limited. We therefore consider the energy sector of a small country that optimizes a portfolio consisting of fossil and/or renewable energy to cover a given energy dem...

This paper presents emergy assessment of biodiesel production in Brazil using conventional, organic and agroecological grown soybean. For the conventional soybean biodiesel the indicators are: Transformity: 5.05E+05 seJ J; Renewability: 24.1%; Emergy yield ratio: 1.40; Environmental loading ratio: 3.15. These values indicate high demand of non renewable resources and low sustainability degree, ...

The economics and livelihoods impacts of stand-alone, small-scale (less than 2 kW) renewable energy technologies for rural electrification are assessed using a representative sample of 531 rural households in three provinces of Western China. Over 20 small wind, photovoltaic (PV) and wind–PV hybrid configurations were evaluated for their potential to meet local electricity needs. The assessment...

The synthesis of biodiesel fuel from lipids (vegetable oils and animal fats) has gained in importance as a possible source of renewable non-fossil energy in an attempt to reduce our dependence on petroleum-based fuels. The catalytic processes commonly used for the production of biodiesel fuel present a series of limitations and drawbacks, among them the high energy consumption required for comp...

This paper presents a whole new concept or approach for Green Computing or Environment friendly computing. Model of cloud computing has enabled convenient and ubiquitous network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal interaction with the service providers. In this paper we have developed an algorithm which will migra...