introduction: the respiratory system is both a route of entry and exit for toxins and injurious agents, as well as being a target for chemical substances and pathogens. therefore, an understanding of the structure and function of the migratory cell populations of pulmonary tissues including alveolar macrophages is central in a number of important disease processes. this study aimed to identify ...

background: trinitrotoluene (tnt) is one of the most well-known and oldest explosive agents. in the recent decade, bioenvironmental, biochemical, and biological effects of tnt exposure have been more in the spotlight. in this study, we aimed to evaluate spirometric parameters in workers of a tnt factory exposed to tnt and other related fumes and dusts compared with the unexposed controls. metho...

background: workers in cotton industry are occupationally exposed to various dust-related hazards. the nature of these agents and the respective exposure levels depend on the cotton industry specific sector. these exposures could be associated with respiratory symptoms and changes in lung function parameters. objective: to evaluate associations between occupational exposure and respiratory func...

Until workers can be effectively protected from the dusts, gases, and vapors that cause occupational lung diseases, clinicians must focus on careful history taking, precise diagnosis, and prompt therapy to relieve or reduce respiratory disability.

OBJECTIVE Evidence-based diagnostic and treatment guidelines for occupationally related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have been developed and are summarized herein. METHODS Comprehensive literature reviews were conducted with article abstraction, critiquing, objective grading, and evidence table compilation. A multidisciplinary expert panel drafted evidence- and consensus-based guidance. ...