While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

We present the annotation architecture of the National Corpus of Polish and discuss problems identified in the TEI stand-off annotation system, which, in its current version, is still very much unfinished and untested, due to both technical reasons (lack of tools implementing the TEIdefined XPointer schemes) and certain problems concerning data representation. We concentrate on two features tha...

The paper describes our work on tagging communication problems in humancomputer shared-goal spoken dialogues. The coding scheme is not otherwise restricted to a particular task or domain. The tag-set is rooted in a set of co-operativity guidelines. Tagging is done off-line at design time. The purpose is to discover problems early in the dialogue development process in order to prevent them from...

maximizing economic earnings is the most common goal in cut-off grade optimization of open-pit mining operations. when this is the case, the price of the product has a critical effect on optimum value of cut-off grade. this paper investigates the relationship between optimum cut-off grade and price to maximize total cash flow and net percent value (npv) of operation. in order to visualize this ...

BACKGROUND Emotional and behavioural problems are a risk factor for the initiation of smoking. In this study, we aimed to assess this relationship beyond clinical cut-off values of problem behaviour. METHODS Cross-sectional national survey among 9-13 year old children with data on smoking and Childhood Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (N = 960). Relationships between smoking and tertiles of CBCL-sc...

Improvement of the launch phase of a jet powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO), has been the subject of attention in the UAV industry. Use of flight simulation tools reduces the risk and required some amount of flight testing for complex aerospace systems. Full nonlinear equations of motion are used to study and simulate this maneuver and three case studies of ...

The coincidence of historical trends in youth antisocial behavior and change in family demographics has led to speculation of a causal link, possibly mediated by declining quality of parenting and parent-child relationships. No study to date has directly assessed whether and how parenting and parent-child relationships have changed. Two national samples of English adolescents aged 16-17 years i...