This experiment is an investigation of used cooking oil as a sustainable and renewable resource for methyl ester production. with more than 95.5% production yield, thermally activated hydrated cement has been carefully discussed as a catalyst in the transesterification of used cooking oil into methyl ester to use waste cement as a heterogeneous catalyst for methyl ester production through elect...

mulching is one of the methods of sand movement control to prepare condition for permanent fixation. oil mulches have been used in iran. because of high cost and negative environmental impacts of oil mulches, changes in mulches type and mulching methods is vital. therefore, for the first time in iran, different combinations of cement and lime were examined as stabilizer. sandy soil from the yaz...

Oil shale is more than an energy source. It is also a source for various valuable materials. These materials include pyridine, carbonate minerals, alumina, ammonium sulfate, phosphate, sulfur, uranium, vanadium, and zinc, to name a few, from which numerous value-added products can be manufactured. For example, catalysts are made from vanadium and zinc, while alumina is a widely used material fo...

Concrete is a material both weak and strong. Its durability decreases under negative impact of several chemicals. In particular, when some sulphates in sea and ground waters react with cement paste, concrete expands and cracks; therefore, concrete has a very short life span. In that case, either the effects of sulphates should be suppressed as much as possible, or the performance of concrete sh...

Cementing of the casing pipes inside the wellbore is considered as one of the most expensive and difficult operations during the well construction process. A low quality cementing job leads to further repair operations, which are usually costly and time-consuming to conduct. Polymer cements are being used for decades in the oil and gas industry due to their improved properties such as sedimenta...