The idea of the Michelson–Morley experiment is theoretically reanalyzed. Elementary arguments are put forward to precisely derive the most general allowable form of the directional dependence of the oneway velocity of light. According to XIX-century physics light was supposed to propagate in the aether, a mysterious medium devised especially for this purpose. As light was to travel with respect...

Abstract Self-regulated learning has been recognized as helpful in language learning. This study showed how self-regulated contributes to stimulating students’ speaking skills. In an English a Foreign Language (EFL) setting, is generally perceived challenging task requiring actions, skills, or strategies achieve successful communication. As the feature learners' planning class, digital portfoli...

linguistic/cultural differences of learners’ native language with english as a foreign language, gender and english proficiency level are among those numerous variables which affect english learning and its quality in iranian context. the present study was an attempt to illuminate the effects of these variables on performing integrative approach of general english tests (cloze test and recall t...

A significant number of studies are devoted to the psychological and social adaptation students educational process at university. This research contributes solution problem first-year students’ academic performance in framework studying a foreign language by working with monologue speaking tasks. The study offers an analysis improvement this particular type activity. took place Peter Great Sai...

Speaking as an initial goal in language teaching and learning has relationships with many variables including listening, reading, writing, knowledge of vocabulary as well as grammar. The present study mainly aims at examining the relationship between translations and speaking fluency. For this purpose and following an experimental design, three groups of Iranian advanced EFL learners were...

Health care organizations face challenges in providing language services for Limited English proficiency (LEP) clients. Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, we have been working to develop a technology for proximate simultaneous medical interpretation. In an effort to understand the relative importance of physical proximity, audio cues and visual cues to effective interpre...

To have “full” entropy has been defined in a draft NIST standard to be to have min-entropy very close, proportionally, to the min-entropy of a uniform distribution. A function is uniform if all its preimages have the same size. This report proves that the output of any uniform compression function can fail to have full entropy, even when the input has full entropy.