background: pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in pakistan. this study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. methods: after taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practic...

MINERVA ORTOPEDICA E TRAUMATOLOGICA 217 trend in clavicle fracture management has been non-operative with positive functional outcomes.9 However, as functional assessment is becoming more understood, surgical intervention is becoming popular. This paper will discuss the benefits of non-operative and operative treatments of mid-shaft clavicular fractures. Athletes or individuals with increased o...

Adhesions complicate most intra-peritoneal operations. Once adhesions have formed, patients are at life-long risk for complications that include small bowel obstruction, increased risks during subsequent operations and female infertility. This has two implications for the daily work of surgeons. On the one hand, surgeons need to include the risks from adhesions during pre-operative consent. On ...

Digestive surgery in cirrhotic patients has long been limited to the treatment of disorders related to the liver disease (portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma and umbilical hernia). The improvement in cirrhotic patient management has allowed an increase in surgical procedures for extrahepatic indications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operative risks of such surgical proced...

An increasing number of orthopedic operations are being carried out in an older population in whom the prevalence of diabetes is dramatically increasing. People having surgery with diabetes and hyperglycemia are at increased risk of post-operative complications. The peri-operative risks have been well demonstrated for cardiac surgery and, more recently, for orthopedic surgery. This paper consid...

STUDY DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis. OBJECTIVE To examine the cost-effectiveness of operative versus non-operative treatment of type-II odontoid fractures in patients older than 64 years old. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Significant controversy exists regarding the optimum treatment of geriatric patients with type-II odontoid fractures. Operative treatment leads to lower rates of non-uni...