Background. Applying quantitative morphological approaches in systematics research is a promising way to discover cryptic biological diversity. Information obtained through twenty-first century science poses new challenges to taxonomy by offering the possibility of increased objectivity in independent and automated hypothesis formation. In recent years a number of promising new algorithmic appr...

Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. The present study was aimed understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, biomass soil physico-chemical properties naturally formed gap understory semi-arid forests Aravalli hills. Four permanent plots consisting as well were established. To herbs phytosociological attributes bio...

This study aims to record the types of bamboo in Bhakti Mulia Village, Bengkayang Sub-District, District, parts plant used by people various uses carried out District. The method is a survey and observation with direct interview techniques. Sampling use was using purposive sampling. tools collecting data were questionnaires, Tally sheets stationery, sampling machetes, safety equipment (gloves, ...

Introduction: Upon cooling in their host rocks, orthopyroxenes undergo cation ordering and exsolution processes. The state of order achieved during cooling [1] and the type and morphology of the exsolution products depend on the rate of cooling. Often, the formation of stable exsolution phases is preceded by the formation of metastable phases, e.g. Guinier-Preston (GP) zones. GP zones consist o...

Age-hardened alloys are everywhere: in aeroplanes, aluminum sashes, electrical connections for computer devices, and so on. The materials that have made possible the very existence of these human inventions are manufactured based on a single materials-science principle known as ageing. Here, supersaturated impurity atoms that dissolved in an otherwise pure metal gather around inside the metal a...

Article 23.1 of the Code (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) rules that a specific epithet may have one three forms: “an adjective, noun genitive, or word apposition”. Of these three, “a apposition” is likely to be least clear modern reader, partly because declining familiarity with Latin among botanists, but also they often do not stand out as being this category. Upon taking closer look,...

The Virginia landscape supports a remarkable diversity of forests, from maritime dune woodlands, swamp forests, and pine savannas of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, to post-agricultural pine-hardwood forests of the Piedmont, to mixed oak, mesophytic, northern hardwood, and high elevation spruce-fir forests across three mountain provinces in western parts of the state. Virginia’s forests also have b...