Osmotolerance in yeast is regulated by at least two distinct mechanisms. The acquired response occurs following long-term exposure to hypertonic medium and requires the induction of the HOG-MAP (high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein) kinase cascade to increase levels of the osmolyte glycerol. The acute response occurs following sudden exposure to high osmotica and appears to be dep...

The human gut microbiome is critical to health and wellbeing. It hosts a complex ecosystem comprising a multitude of bacterial species, which contributes functionality that would otherwise be absent from the host. Transient and commensal bacteria in the gut must withstand many stresses. The influence of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids in stress adaptation within the ecosystem is poorly...

Osmotolerance is one of the critical factors for successful survival and colonization of microbes in saline environments. Nonetheless, information about these osmotolerance mechanisms is still inadequate. Exploration of the saline soil microbiome for its community structure and novel genetic elements is likely to provide information on the mechanisms involved in osmoadaptation. The present stud...

Associations among halotolerance, osmotolerance and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of 50 Aureobasidium melanogenum strains isolated from various habitats along the coasts of Thailand were compared. Using Fisher’s Exact Test, significant associations were found between halotolerance vs osmotolerance (P = 0.004), halotolerance vs EPS production (P = 0.049) and osmotolerance vs EPS production ...

BACKGROUND We investigate the role of the C-terminal coiled coil of the secondary proline porter ProP in contributing to Cronobacter sakazakii osmotolerance. FINDINGS The extended C-terminal domain of ProP1 (encoded by ESA_02131) was spliced onto the truncated C-terminal end of ProP2 (encoded by ESA_01706); creating a chimeric protein (ProPc) which exhibits increased osmotolerance relative to...

Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon It, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina Spores of Bacillus subtilis show similar plating efficiency on media with or without 1.5 M NaCI. In contrast, vegetative cells are osmosensitive unless the stationary phase has been reached. In the present work, loss of heat and osmotic resistance ...

The foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a useful model for understanding the role of stress adaptation in leaf colonization. We investigated the mechanistic basis of differences in the osmotolerance of two P. syringae strains, B728a and DC3000. Consistent with its higher survival rates following inoculation onto leaves, B728a exhibited superior osmotolerance over DC3000 and higher rates of ...

Transposon insertional mutants of Listeria monocytogenes were constructed to identify genes involved in osmotolerance, and one mutant that showed reduced growth under high osmotic pressure was obtained. The cloned gene from the transposon insertion site of the mutant, named rel, was 2,214 bp in length and had very high homology to relA of Bacillus subtilis, which encodes guanosine tetraphosphat...

Trehalose synthesis (RpoS-dependent) and betaine uptake mediated by transporters ProP and ProU contribute to the osmotolerance of Escherichia coli K-12. Pyelonephritis isolates CFT073 and HU734 were similar and diminished in osmotolerance, respectively, compared to E. coli K-12. The roles of RpoS, ProP and ProU in osmoregulation and urovirulence were assessed for these isolates. Strain HU734 ex...

Here we report the draft whole-genome sequence (3.72 Mbp) of Bacillus sp. strain SB49, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt crystallizer pond of the Little Rann of Kutch in India. Unraveling the genome of this organism will facilitate understanding and isolation of the genes involved in imparting extreme osmotolerance.