the reduction in the use of hormone replacement therapy, and the immediacy of the effect suggests the disappearance of established subclinical cancers rather than the prevention of new cancers 23–25. The complementary observations concerning the immediate effects of tamoxifen chemoprevention and hormone replacement withdrawal suggest that a slowly growing er-positive cancer might be induced to ...

BACKGROUND The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial showed that radical prostatectomy (RP) reduced prostate cancer deaths with an absolute mortality difference (AMD) between the RP and watchful waiting arms of 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2% to 12.0%) after 15 years. In the United States, the Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) pro...

We read with interest the paper by Black and colleagues which outlines the current status of CT screening, and value the authors’ cautious interpretation of the relatively few well conducted studies regarding this controversial topic. However, when using reduction in lung cancer mortality as proof of screening efficacy with CT due to early intervention, one has to be careful in interpreting the...

In a recent Lancet publication, Hersch et al reported findings on the influence of alternative-content decision aids on knowledge, attitudes, and intentions related to breast cancer screening. The alternative decision aid booklets were provided to 879 women aged 48–50 in New South Wales, Australia who were approaching the target age to begin breast cancer screening. Briefly, the authors randomi...