Human social life is structured by social norms creating both obligations and entitlements. Recent research has found that young children enforce simple obligations against norm violators by protesting. It is not known, however, whether they understand entitlements in the sense that they will actively object to a second party attempting to interfere in something that a third party is entitled t...

This paper is concerned with the English Court of Appeal's decision in Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust that six men had, for the purposes of their claims against the trust, ownership of the sperm they had produced. The case has been discussed by many commentators and most, if not all, of those who have discussed the case have claimed or assumed that the court held that the claimants had pro...

Income tax is one of the most important costs of companies and it is usually considered as a cost that should not be paid. One of the most noticeable and influential factors in tax avoidance is corporate ownership structure. With an emphasis on institutional ownership and its types in this paper, it is attempted to measure the effect of this ownership and its types on corporate tax avoidance. F...

the aim of this paper is to identify and analyses the influence of shareholder ownership identity on payout ratio for a panel of iran firms from 2002 to 2008. we found that there is a significant positive correlation between institutional ownership and payout ratio. the relation between payout ratio and individual ownership is negative. the most finding of the study indicates that iranian compa...

Research indicates that in experimental settings, young children of 3-7 years old are unlikely to devise a simple tool to solve a problem. This series of exploratory studies done in museums in the US and UK explores how environment and ownership of materials may improve children's ability and inclination for (i) tool material selection and (ii) innovation. The first study takes place in a child...

privatization advocates believe that transfer to private sector increases firm’s performance and value, business environment, and therefore economic growth and welfare improves. in this research, by using the 70 accepted firms in the tehran stock exchange for the period of 2005 to 2009, we investigate the effect of firm’s ownership structure on their value by applying generalized method of mome...

Ownership types support information hiding by providing object-based encapsulation. However the static restrictions they impose on object accessibility can limit the expressiveness of ownership types. In order to deal with real applications, it is sometimes necessary to admit mechanisms for dynamically exposing otherwise encapsulated information. The need for policies and mechanisms to control ...

this study examined the relationship between psychological ownership dimensions and deviant behavior of physical education teachers in bojnourd city. this study was applied in terms of aim and descriptive - correlation in terms of data collection. the statistical population consisted of male and female physical education teachers in bojnourd city (n=160) and 113 teachers were randomly selected....