background adenylate cyclase toxin (cyaa) is an important virulence factor of bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, and a potential component of acellular pertussis vaccine. objectives in the present study the impact of invasive cyaa on oxidative activities of phagocytes was compared with the other form of this molecule to investigate the activity of different parts of mo...

aerial parts of salvia mirzayanii was extracted with methanol. methanol extract was suspended in water and defatted with petroleum ether. the defatted part was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. the ethyl acetate partition was chromatographed on a silica gel column to afford several fractions. lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory assay of the resulted fractions was compared in vit...

An oxidative burst in free-living and symbiotic dinoflagellates induced by physical stress is defined and characterized. The oxidative burst occurred within 1 min of physical injury caused by short pulses of low frequency sonic sound (20 kHz, 10 s pulses). The quantities of reactive oxygen species were measured using a spectrofluorometric assay and standardized to hydrogen peroxide. Using pharm...

Bovine milk contains various immunoreactive components, and the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) function in breast-fed infants has been reported. In this study, the effect of milk on the oxidative burst of bovine PMNLs was investigated in vitro. When PMNLs were incubated with 0.1% colostrum or normal milk, the oxidative burst induced by serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus w...

Previous reports that polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function is impaired in hemodialysis patients do not differentiate between effects of dialysis and of uremia. The hypothesis that chronic renal insufficiency impairs PMN function was tested. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were measured in PMN from patients with varying degrees of chronic renal insufficiency impairs PMN function was teste...

Immune system functioning and maintenance entails costs which may limit investment into other processes such as reproduction. Yet, the proximate mechanisms and 'currencies' mediating the costs of immune responses remain elusive. In vertebrates, up-regulation of the innate immune system is associated with rapid phagocytic production of pro-oxidant molecules (so-called 'oxidative burst' responses...

The efficient clearance of microbes by neutrophils requires the concerted action of reactive oxygen species and microbicidal components within leukocyte secretory granules. Rubrerythrin (Rbr) is a nonheme iron protein that protects many air-sensitive bacteria against oxidative stress. Using oxidative burst-knockout (NADPH oxidase-null) mice and an rbr gene knockout bacterial strain, we investig...

OBJECTIVE An erythematous response to intradermal injection of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) has been demonstrated in Behçet's syndrome (BS). To further elucidate the pathogenesis of this response, the effects of MSU on in vitro oxidative burst reaction of neutrophils and monocytes were investigated. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), rheum...