Ozone is widely used for sterilization, deodorization, and cleaning. However, the effects of ozone on human are not well understood, because there is currently no reliable assay method for ozone. Therefore the accurate measurement of ozone is important for its safe use. Here, we report optimized conditions for use with fluorescein derivative 1 (probe 1). Under optimum conditions, probe 1 reacte...

We examined the role of γδ T cells in the induction of alternatively activated M2 macrophages and the resolution of inflammation after ozone exposure. Wildtype (WT) mice and mice deficient in γδ T cells (TCRδ-/- mice) were exposed to air or to ozone (0.3 ppm for up to 72h) and euthanized immediately or 1, 3, or 5 days after cessation of exposure. In WT mice, M2 macrophages accumulated in the lu...

Regional ozone pollution has become one of the top environmental concerns in China, especially in those economically vibrant and densely populated regions, such as North China region including Beijing. To address this issue, surface ozone and ancillary data over the period 2004–2006 from the Shangdianzi Regional Background Station 5 in north China were analyzed. Due to the suitable location and...

Saplings of ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant birch (Betula pendula Roth.), clones B and C, respectively, were exposed to ozone concentrations that were 1.7-fold higher than ambient for one growing season under open-field conditions. Ambient air was used as the control treatment. In the ozone-sensitive clone B, there was an initial stimulation of leaf area growth in response to the ozone treat...

A regional air quality simulation framework including the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF), the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ), and precursor emissions to simulate tropospheric ozone over South and East Asia is introduced. Concentrations of tropospheric ozone and related species simulated by the framework are validated by comparing with observatio...

The new generation GISS climate model includes fully interactive chemistry related to ozone in historical and future simulations, and interactive methane in future simulations. Evaluation of ozone, its tropospheric precursors, and methane shows that the model captures much of the largescale spatial structure seen in recent observations. While the model is much improved compared with the previou...

Remote sounding methods are used to derive ozone profile and column information from various groundbased and satellite measurements. Vertical ozone profiles measured in Dobson units (DU) are currently retrieved based on laboratory measurements of the ozone absorption crosssection spectrum between 270 and 400 nm published in 1985 by Bass and Paur (BP). Recently, the US National Aeronautics and S...

Ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere is known to have adverse effects on forest vegetation, but the degree to which mature forests are impacted has been very difficult to assess directly. In this study, we combined leaf-level ozone response data from independent ozone fumigation studies with a forest ecosystem model in order simulate the effects of ambient ozone on mature hardwood forests. R...

Sugarcane bagasse contains cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, 39-42%, 20-25% and 25-27% respectively. So it is can be used as a sugar source in many processes. Lignin and hemicellulose must be removed before hydrolysis of cellulose. Several different pretreatment approaches have been studied. The purpose of this research is comparison of acid, ozone and combination of ozone-acid as pretreatme...

A thorough analysis of the ozone transport was carried out using the Transformed-Mean Eulerian (TEM) tracer continuity equation and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40). In this budget analysis, the chemical net production term, which is calculated as the residual of the other terms, displays the correct features of a chemical sink and source term,...