BACKGROUND About 2% of pregnant women receive non-obstetric surgery under general anesthesia each year. During pregnancy, general anesthetics may affect brain development of the fetus. This study aimed to investigate safe dosage range of isoflurane. METHODS Forty-eight SpragueDawley (SD) pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and inhaled 1.3% isoflurane (the Iso1 group), 2.0% isofl...

Migraine is a highly prevalent headache disorder, especially in women. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkB), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its downstream target c-AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) are strongly associated with the transmission of nociceptive information. However, the involvement of ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that miR-33-5p attenuates morphine state-dependent (StD) memory via the µ opioid receptor by regulating cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The effects of post-training morphine and morphine StD memory and their interaction with pre-test naloxone were evaluated using a single-trial inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Then, th...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival and growth and participates in neuronal plasticity. BDNF binds to its high affinity receptor TrkB and activates signal transduction cascades crucial for the production of cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB), which contributes to neurotrophin-mediated survival in the c...

Depression׳s causes play a role in individuals׳ different responses to antidepressant treatments, which require advancements. We investigated the mechanisms behind and responses to a highly effective antidepressant treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in rat models with different (genetic or environmental) depression causes. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and Wistar rats treated with chronic un...

BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts play a major role in the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the stimulation of these cells is thought to play an important role in the development of silicosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) on rats induced by silica. METHODS A HOPE MED 8050 exposure control apparatus was used to create ...

Objective: We designed this study to investigate the mechanism of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in memory impairment induced by sleep-deprivation. Methods: Rats were deprived of sleep for 72 h using the modified multiple platform method. The Morris water maze task was used to assess hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. After sleep-deprivation, the rats were sacrificed and their brain tissue wa...

Previous studies by others and our group have demonstrated the expression of AQP3 protein in human chorioamniotic membranes. Here, we investigated whether cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) up-regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) protein expression in human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) dependent or independent pathway. Cells were treated with various co...

AIM To investigate the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in spinal cord of rats with chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP), and to explore the central mechanism of HPM in treating CIVP. METHODS Mal...