abstract in order to assess the availability of phosphorous (p), different methods have been proposed in the last decades. the results of these methods in soils with various ph, calcium carbonate, organic matter, al and fe oxides and hydroxides and other properties especially in iranian soils can not be used. in addition, knowledge about transformation of p forms is necessary for perception of ...

Harvester ants (Messor galla Forel) defied various control strategies. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Spent Engine-Oil and other nature-based materials on their emergence in Maiduguri, Borno State of Nigeria. The treatments evaluated are spot application of spent engine-oil and some natural materials in experiment 1 and individual and equal mixture of Pure Neem ...

Harvester ants (Messor galla Forel) defied various control strategies. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Spent Engine-Oil and other nature-based materials on their emergence in Maiduguri, Borno State of Nigeria. The treatments evaluated are spot application of spent engine-oil and some natural materials in experiment 1 and individual and equal mixture of Pure Neem ...

tributed all over the world. Although they are not commonly included in the diet of developed countries, they do in fact contain a rich array of nutritional components including vitamins, proteins, amino acids and trace elements such as zinc, selenium and manganese. In addition, ants have been used as medicine, owing to their special active substances such as citral (C10H16O), citionella terpen...

Many plants and ants engage in mutualisms where plants provide food and shelter to the ants in exchange for protection against herbivores and competitors. Although several species of herbivores thwart ant defenses and extract resources from the plants, the mechanisms that allow these herbivores to avoid attack are poorly understood. The specialist insect herbivore, Piezogaster reclusus (Hemipte...

p 1 Host specificity of the decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus was studied to determine whether this species is suitable for release as a classical biocontrol agent of imported fire ants in the United States. A series of no-choice tests with 19 species of ants from 12 genera showed that P. curvatus will not develop in ants outside the genus Solenopsis. P. curvatus successfully parasitized th...

A collective approach to resolve the segmentation problem was proposed. AntClust is a new ant-based algorithm that uses the self-organizing and autonomous brood sorting behavior observed in real ants. Ants and pixels are scatted on a discrete array of cells represented the ants’ environment. Using simple local rules and without any central control, ants form homogeneous clusters by moving pixel...

Recruitment to food or nest sites is well known in ants; the recruiting ants lay a chemical trail that other ants follow to the target site, or they walk with other ants to the target site. Here we report that a different process determines foraging direction in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus. Each day, the colony chooses from among up to eight distinct foraging trails; colonies use di...

We report experimental results on unidirectional trafficlike collective movement of ants on trails. Our work is primarily motivated by fundamental questions on the collective spatiotemporal organization in systems of interacting motile constituents driven far from equilibrium. Making use of the analogies with vehicular traffic, we analyze our experimental data for the spatiotemporal organizatio...

Although mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans has been extensively recognized in ecosystem biology, however few attempts to test the hypothesis that mutualism between two alien species leads to the facilitation of the invasion process. To address this problem, we focus on the conditional mutualism between S. invicta and P. solenopsis by field investigations and indoor exper...