In Taiwan, the turbidity of raw water for fresh water treatments can sometimes reach as high as 40000 NTU due to intensive rainfall, especially in typhoon seasons. In response, water works often apply large quantities of coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl). In this study, simulated and natural highly turbid water was coagulated with two PACls, a commercial product (PACl-1) and a la...

The size and structure of flocs during floc formation were monitored for various coagulation mechanisms. Two distinctive mechanisms, namely, enmeshment and electrostatic patch, govern the dynamics of kaolin particles coagulation by polyaluminum chloride (PACl). They were investigated by small angle static light scattering (SASLS) and solid-state (27)Al NMR. In addition, a novel wet SEM (WSEM) w...

The hydrolysis of Al-based coagulants in acidic conditions is necessary for the removal of organic matter by the coagulation/sedimentation process. However, interactions between hydrolyzed Al species and organic matter are complicated and this makes it difficult to optimize coagulant dosing for organics removal. The goal of this study was to investigate the reactions of hydrolyzed Al species in...

FOLLOWING the development of the globalized economy, it was inevitable that relevant private law rules would be harmonized and unified. This kind of harmonization and unification is both a global and a regional endeavor. In Asia (especially in East Asia) there is a private initiative by scholars trying to harmonize rules of contract law, and the aim is to create a model law called Principles of...

The small subunit of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1 terminase (G1P) forms a sequence-specific nucleoprotein complex with the SPP1 non-encapsidated end (pacL site) during initiation of DNA encapsidation. Gel mobility shift assay was used to study the G1P-pacL interaction. Distamycin, a minor groove binder that induces local distortion of the DNA, inhibits G1P-pacL complex formation. Th...

24 Aluminum coagulants are widely used in water treatment plants to remove turbidity and 25 dissolved substances. However, because high aluminum concentrations in treated water are 26 associated with increased turbidity and because aluminum exerts undeniable human health 27 effects, its concentration should be controlled in water treatment plants, especially in plants 28 that use aluminum coagu...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate whether temporary placement of a paclitaxel or rapamycin eluting stent is more effective to reduce stenting induced inflammatory reaction and scaring than a bared stent in benign cardia stricture models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty dog models of stricture were randomly divided into a control group (CG, n=20, no stent insertion), a bare stent group (BSG, n=20), ...

The rise of location-based services has enabled many opportunities for content service providers to optimize the content delivery to user’s wireless devices based on her location. Since the sharing precise location remains a major privacy concern among the users, certain location-based services rely on contextual location (e.g. residence, work, etc.) as opposed to acquiring user’s exact physica...

BACKGROUND Recent prospective clinical trials of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have demonstrated that these agents may provide significant advantages in terms of progression-free and overall survival in certain subgroups of cancer patients. The mechanisms of improved survival associated with LMWHs are not known, and may involve direct and/or indirect effects on tumor growth. The purpose...

Coagulation behavior of aluminum chloride and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) for removing corresponding disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors was discussed in this paper. CHCl3, bromine trihalomethanes (THM-Br), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) formation potential yields were correlated with specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) values in different molecular weight (M...