Introduction: Orexin-A and B (Hypocretin 1 and 2) are neuropeptides that are mostly expressed in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Intracisternal (ICV) and intratechal (IT) injections of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) have been shown to elicit analgesic responses in formalin test. However, the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been clearly elucidated. Ore...

Stable nanolubricant mixtures are interrelated with thermal conductivity enhancement, thus improving heat transfer performance in automotive air conditioning (AAC) systems. This paper studies the stability and of double-end capped polyalkylene glycol (PAG)-based nanolubricants specially designed for R1234yf refrigerant. Mono (Al2O3/PAG SiO2/PAG) hybrid (Al2O3–SiO2/PAG) were prepared using a two...

Phosphoprotein associated with glycolipid-enriched membranes (PAG), also named Csk-binding protein (Cbp), is a transmembrane adaptor associated with lipid rafts. It is phosphorylated on multiple tyrosines located in the cytoplasmic domain. One tyrosine, tyrosine 314 (Y314) in the mouse, interacts with Csk, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that negatively regulates Src kinases. This interaction e...

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) organizes basic survival behavior, which includes respiration. How the PAG controls respiration is not known. We studied the PAG control of respiration by injecting D,L-homocysteic acid in the PAG in unanesthetized precollicularly decerebrated cats. Injections in different parts of the PAG caused different respiratory effects. Stimulation in the dorsomedia...

Phosphoprotein associated with glycolipid-enriched membranes (PAG), also named Csk-binding protein (Cbp), is a transmembrane adaptor associated with lipid rafts. It is phosphorylated on multiple tyrosines located in the cytoplasmic domain. One tyrosine, tyrosine 314 (Y314) in the mouse, interacts with Csk, a protein tyrosine kinase that negatively regulates Src kinases. This interaction enables...

NEW TOOLS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS Frank F. Bier Benefits of nanotechnology for diagnostics and cell handling Pag. 1 Gianfranco Gilardi Construction of a liver-chip for drug metabolism: amperometric sensing with human cytochrome p450s Pag. 3 J Malcolm Wilkinson Micro and Nanotechnology for Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery and Diagnosis Pag. 5 Andrew Campitelli Polymer based MNT Solutions for Future...

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in many basic survival behaviors that affect respiration. We hypothesized that the PAG promotes these behaviors by changing the firing of preinspiratory (pre-I) neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex, a cell group thought to be important in generating respiratory rhythm. We tested this hypothesis by recording single unit activity of pre-Bötzinger...

A probability distribution p is Markovian wrt an AMP CG G iff the following three properties hold for all C ∈ Cc(G) (Andersson et al., 2001, Theorem 2): ● C1: C⊥pNdG(C) ∖CcG(PaG(C))∣CcG(PaG(C)). ● C2: p(C ∣CcG(PaG(C))) is Markovian wrt GC . ● C3∗: For all D ⊆ C, D⊥pCcG(PaG(C)) ∖ PaG(D)∣PaG(D). Lemma 1. C1, C2 and C3∗ hold iff the following two properties hold: ● C1∗: For all D ⊆ C, D⊥pNdG(D) ∖ ...

Pyramidal neurons in layer VI of the primary motor and somatosensory cortices were examined by a combined method of intracellular recording, biocytin injection, and immunocytochemistry using in vitro slice preparations of rat brain. lmmunofluorescence staining revealed that biocytin-injected pyramidal cells in layer VI were separated into glutaminase (PAG)-immunopositive and PAG-immunonegative ...