Background After quickly spreading since March 2009 in Mexico, influenza pandemic H1N1 has affected a large part of the world’s population. Countries have made great efforts to contain the pandemic. An important key in containing community transmission and reducing the impacts of the pandemic influenza is to have local people educated to have good knowledge, attitude and practice toward influen...

the problem of aids had not been recognized up to 1981 and in 1984 it was found that hiv virus is factor of this disease. for the time beings aids/hiv infection has chanched to a pandemic and cases affected to it are now reported from all over the world. in our country the first case was reported in 1987. regarding the importance of disease and recognition of its prevention and transmission rou...

4. OUTBREAK DETECTION 4.1. Type of surveillance  Passive or Active Surveillance  Comprehensive or Sentinel Surveillance  Syndromic or Laboratory-Based Surveillance  Indicator-Based or Event-Based Surveillance  Entomological Surveillance  Monitoring of Environmental and Social Risks 4.2. Surveillance procedures  Case-definition  Notification procedures 4.3. Type of signal  Alert signal ...

Background: The management of pandemics with highly infectious diseases in modern urban habitats depends largely on the maintenance of public services. Understanding the factors that influence municipal employees’ willingness to come to work during a pandemic is therefore a basic requirement for adequate public health preparedness. In this study the extended parallel process model (EPPM) is app...

background: influenza a (h1n1) pandemic is recently threatening the health of world's population. non-pharmaceutical measures are important to prevent the spread of influenza a (h1n1) and to prevent a pandemic. effective influenza pandemic management requires understanding of the factors influencing preventive behavioral changes. this study determined the status of preventive behaviors regardin...

background: the clinical manifestations and outcome of influenza infection differ between various patients in the world. the purpose of this study was to assess the clinical manifestations of patients with confirmed or suspected novel h1n1 flu infection in sari, north of iran. methods: from september 2009 to january 2010, the patients’ data were collected by retrospective chart review of medica...

background and aims: influenza a viruses are important pathogens for humans especially in pandemic episodes. two adamantane derivates, amantadine and rimantadine, are used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza a virus infections. however, single amino acid substitutions in the m2 transmembrane domain which lead to amantadine resistance of these viruses occur at residues 26, 27, 30, 31 or 3...

background: influenza disease is one of the oldest medical problems that can cause severe illness and high mortality rates, worldwide. in flu pandemics, medical and dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (kap) is critical to save patientslife.the aim of this study was to determine the score  of kap toward the pandemic h1n1 and their predictor factors among the medical and dental r...

background: the healthcare and socio-economic burden resulting from influenza a (h1n1) pdm09 in spain was considerable. our aim was to estimate and compare the management (resource utilization) and economic healthcare impact in an at-risk group of unvaccinated pregnant women with an unvaccinated group of non-pregnant woman of childbearing age (15-44 yr old). methods: we addressed this question ...

Overall and antigenic region identity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) proteins compared to representative recently circulating and vaccine strains of A/H1N1 and A/H3N2