aim and background: the aim of current study was to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of parenting stress index-short form (psi-sf) among tehran city's mothers with 7-12 year-old children. methods and materials: after translation, back translation and adaptation of instrument, due to normalization this instrument by applied survey design, 468 mothers from those which s...

Purpose of this study was comparison of efficacy of child parent relationship therapy and positive parenting on decreasing of symptoms of anxiety and depression of children and maternal efficacy. Research design of this study was semi-experimental research with a pre/post-test design and control group. Among all of the school children who have 7 and 8 aged in Isfahan city in the 2011-2012 schoo...

Parent involvement and family-school partnerships have been shown to lead to positive effects on children’s academic achievement. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the empirical literature on parent involvement and family-school partnership interventions across children’s language arts achievement outcomes. Using a multivariate regression model, 168 effect sizes within 45 studies publ...

Adolescence is often thought of as a period during which the quality of parent-child interactions can be relatively stressed and conflictual. There are individual differences in this regard, however, with only a modest percent of youths experiencing extremely conflictual relationships with their parents. Nonetheless, there is relatively little empirical research on factors in childhood or adole...