after 1860’s the railway systems has started to be used in urban transportation in the world. however, especially after the 1950’s, automobile usage has been increased quickly. thus the dense of transportation has started to move from railway systems to the ones with rubber tire vehicles in istanbul. traffic density in urban transportation has started to be experienced since 1950 with the incre...

After 1860’s the railway systems has started to be used in urban transportation in the world. However, especially after the 1950’s, automobile usage has been increased quickly. Thus the dense of transportation has started to move from railway systems to the ones with rubber tire vehicles in Istanbul. Traffic density in urban transportation has started to be experienced since 1950 with the incre...

Passenger information aims at improving the user-friendliness of public transport systems while influencing passenger route choices to satisfy transit user’s travel requirements. The integration of transit information from multiple agencies is a major challenge in implementation of multi-modal passenger information systems. The problem of information sharing is further compounded by the multi-l...

A large number of passenger information systems for public passenger transport exist in Europe at national level but their trans-national interoperability is very limited. A passenger information system depends on many underlying heterogeneous information systems; ranging from management of transport infrastructure network, public transport infrastructure objects, public passenger transport ser...

Query-oriented update summarization is an emerging summarization task very recently. It brings new challenges to the sentence ranking algorithms that require not only to locate the important and query-relevant information, but also to capture the new information when document collections evolve. In this paper, we propose a novel graph based sentence ranking algorithm, namely PNR, for update sum...

Track Maintenance is crucial for the safe and efficient of railway transportation. After analysis of foreign management techniques for high-speed railway track maintenance, combined with the characteristic of passenger dedicated line in China, this paper has explored new ideas of the information system of passenger dedicated line track maintenance and at the same time researched on the theory a...

Prior concerns regarding terrorism resulted in a rush to legislate. Now terrorism is not the only issue in the new security agenda, and we appear to have stopped rushing our legislative processes. Yet policies are still emerging with a lack of public discourse and legislative deliberation. This article reviews two such policies: access to personal information held by airlines, and new border pr...